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Colocation Data Center
What is a colocation data center.
What is a colocation data center? The term “colocation data center” refers to a data center that enables you to rent out space for your own hardware. For example, instead of using your own on-prem space for your servers, cables, networking devices, and other computing equipment, you can rent out space in a data center .
What is Colocation?
This colocation data center meaning involves including the servers and other equipment from numerous companies in a single data center. The hardware is often owned by the business renting the space, and the data center staff only houses it.
It also alludes to the idea that a business's equipment may be spread out over several locations. For instance, they might have servers spread over three or four colocation data centers. This is crucial for international businesses that want to ensure their computer systems are situated close to their physical offices.
How Colocation Data Center Works?
This is how a colocation data center works: Enterprise customers use colocation data centers to store their servers and other gear required for regular business operations. Colocation ensures adequate bandwidth while providing shared, secure areas in cool, controlled surroundings suited for servers.
Difference Between a Data Center and Colocation
The primary difference between a data center and a colocation data center is that colocation refers to a service while a data center is a physical place. When thinking about cloud vs colocation, this is the most important distinction. A data center is a physical location that houses equipment used to power the cloud. Whereas colocation is a service you can use to set up your own cloud infrastructure or components in someone else’s data center.
Types of Colocation Data Center Facilities
The three main types of data centers in a colocation facility include retail, wholesale, and hybrid cloud-based colocation.
Retail Colocation
With retail colocation, you lease space inside a data center, typically either a rack, an area inside a rack, or your own caged-off room.
Wholesale Colocation
With wholesale colocation, on the other hand, you also get data center space but at a lower rate. As a result, the power the data center provides for running your equipment, as well as the space available, is less than what the data center would make available to a retail customer.
Hybrid Cloud-based Colocation
Hybrid cloud colocation involves setting up a combination of in-house data center space and that which you rent from another data center.
Fourteen Benefits from Colocation Data Centers
Using colocation space comes with many benefits, and if you need any of the following benefits for your organization, you may want to consider a colocation service.
1. Reliability
Colocation facilities provide reliable power, cooling systems, and communication that guarantee dependable connections. Companies can invest in the tools and procedures necessary to develop comparable systems internally, but doing so can be expensive, especially when it comes to paying employees and providing adequate in-house space.
2. Performance
Electronics function best in a climate-controlled, dust-free setting. The cooling and air filtering systems that professional data centers offer are superior to those of even the cleanest offices.
3. Physical Security
Data centers are built to secure your systems from theft and other threats that could jeopardize the security of your data and systems. They enforce strict data center security procedures and higher degrees of physical protection, such as video surveillance, private suites, and fire suppression systems.
4. Third-Party Maintenance
To guarantee that servers are operating at peak efficiency, data centers have specialized systems, employees, and resources that they use to create, monitor, and manage comprehensive support systems. This means you can rest easy, knowing your equipment will be properly taken care of by experienced professionals.
Colocation facilities enable high throughput and offer affordable connections directly to numerous internet service providers (ISPs). Having access to several ISPs gives you multiple options if you need more speed.
6. Skilled Staff
To monitor and manage servers, data centers include on-site, highly-trained, experienced IT personnel. These professionals design and implement modern reliable infrastructure to house your components.
7. Scalability
With colocation, you can scale your business up or down while only paying for the bandwidth and space you need.
8. Risk Management
Natural disasters and data breaches can certainly happen, but when your most important equipment is housed in an off-site data center, there are safeguards and backups in place to keep everything running.
9. Better Connectivity
Data centers have redundant network connections to guarantee the continuous operation of your most mission-critical applications.
10. Capability
Customers have the option of increasing their bandwidth without having to make additional investments. In this way, you can adjust how much bandwidth you use if, for instance, you deploy an application that needs to process a lot of data.
11. Premium Network Security
Data centers use the most recent firewalls to identify and stop illegal access to your systems. By using a colocation service, you benefit from the high level of cloud security that data centers establish for all of their customers.
12. Redundant Power Supply
Colocation centers make sure they have power by using a combination of several power grids, battery backup systems, generators, and rigorous maintenance procedures.
Colocation makes it possible to expand data storage to meet a company's changing needs. As a result, businesses can expand their networks without having to invest in additional hardware or real estate.
14. Stepping Stone
Colocation enables a seamless transition for businesses interested in transitioning core systems to the cloud. Moving your equipment to an off-site location can give you a seamless transition from an in-house to a cloud-based environment. This is because your most important systems are already running on the servers you shift to the data center. With colocation, you just have to connect to your existing applications, storage, and other resources through the internet.
Top 5 Considerations While Selecting Colocation Data Center
Here are the top five things you want to keep in mind when choosing a colocation data center:
- Expense. It can be very expensive to set up and maintain an in-house data center. Colocation, on the other hand, can give you the resources you need to support your computing equipment at an affordable rate.
- Compliance. In some cases, colocation can make it easier to satisfy regional data management requirements. For example, if your company is required by legislative regulations to maintain an off-premises storage facility for backups, you can use colocation to meet that standard.
- Performance. Without colocation, it can be difficult to have the power and bandwidth you need to support your most important business processes. But with colocation, the data center housing your components can provide a service level agreement (SLA) that guarantees adequate power and internet service.
- Redundancy. By using a colocation service to house backup systems, you can set up a reliable redundant infrastructure. This could be a business lifesaver if your in-house components go offline.
- Scalability. If you think you may need to scale up in the near future, colocation can make it easier because you can rent the space you need for additional servers and other components. But building the space in-house for an expansion can be economically infeasible for some organizations.
Security Pros and Cons of Colocation
Colocation comes with some important advantages and drawbacks when it comes to security:
- Better physical security for your components
- Power backups that can keep your systems running as they should even if an attacker tries to take down systems by cutting the power
- Some colocation facilities also offer managed security services that give you experienced personnel and the most recent firewalls and anti-malware to protect your systems.
- A lack of self-service security options, such as network monitoring and visibility tools. You would have to rely on whatever managed services the data center may offer.
- It’s more difficult to create redundant computing systems that can run workloads in parallel between two or more colocation solutions. On the other hand, with a public cloud setup, it’s easier to establish duplicate processes. Therefore, colocation can reduce your resiliency if a primary computing process, such as payment processing for an e-commerce site, goes down.
Market Forecast For Data Center Colocation: Market Trend Analysis
The colocation market is poised to grow significantly over the next few years. For example, the overall colocation market size is projected to climb at a year-over-year rate of 13.3% between now and 2028. This is likely due to the increased use of cloud services by both enterprises and smaller businesses. In addition, many companies need to be able to scale up their data centers as their needs change, and the projected growth of the colocation market reflects this need as well.
How Fortinet Can Help?
Fortinet’s data center solution delivers data center security using FortiGate Next-Generation Firewalls, which can provide as much as 520 Gbps of throughput while filtering out dangerous data packets before they can harm your system. This enables you to manage risks in enterprise hyperscale networks by incorporating security into your hybrid IT infrastructure . As a result, you can provide automated protection of your network assets, as well as manage your entire system from behind a single-pane-of-glass.
What is a colocation data center?
The term “colocation data center” refers to a data center that enables you to rent out space for your own hardware.
What are the types of colocation data centers?
The three main types of colocation data centers include retail, wholesale, and hybrid cloud-based colocation.
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colocation (colo)

- Brien Posey
A colocation facility, or colo, is a data center facility in which a business can rent space for servers and other computing hardware.
Typically, a colo provides the building, cooling, power, bandwidth and physical security, while the customer provides servers and storage. Space in the facility is often leased by the rack, cabinet, cage or room. Many colos have extended their offerings to include managed services that support their customers' business initiatives.
There are several reasons a business might choose a colo over building its own data center, but one of the main drivers is the Capex (capital expenditure) associated with building, maintaining and updating a large computing facility. In the past, colos were often used by private enterprises for disaster recovery (DR). Today, colos are especially popular with cloud service providers.
For some organizations, colocation might be an ideal solution, but there can be downsides to this approach. Distance can translate into increased travel costs when equipment must be manually handled and colo customers can find themselves locked into long-term contracts, which might prevent them from renegotiating rates when prices fall. It's important for an organization to closely examine their colo's service-level agreements ( SLAs ) so as not to be surprised by hidden charges.
Colocation features
Every colocation provider has its own way of doing things, so features tend to vary from one colocation hosting company to the next. Even so, there are features that are relatively common among colocation providers. Some of the features that colocation data centers commonly provide include:
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- Guide to colocation and how to choose a provider
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- Colocation in disaster recovery: Everything you need to know
- Colocation data center outage response and support
- Tips to get colocation contract renewal right
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- Physical security
- Physical durability
- Guaranteed reliability
- Cross connectivity
- Redundant internet connectivity
- Redundant power
- Compliance with various regulations
- On-site technical support
Advantages of colocation
Businesses can capitalize on several benefits by taking advantage of colocation services. Some of these benefits include:
- Leasing space in a colocation facility is less expensive than building or expanding a data center.
- Colocation facilities allow tenants to use server and storage hardware of their own choosing.
- A colocation data center adheres to strict physical security protocols and might also offer protection against cyberattacks.
- Colocation facilities almost always provide on-site technical support services.
- Additional data center space is usually available if you need it, which means that a colocation data center can accommodate growth.
Building and facilities
Just as there are differences between office buildings, there are also differences between data centers. Some of these differences are related to the way that the data center was constructed, while others have more to do with the data center's operational efficiency .
Typically, a colocation data center will provide its tenants with an SLA guaranteeing a specific amount of availability. Although a data center might simply guarantee a specific amount of uptime -- such as five nines of uptime -- data center uptime is more commonly expressed in terms of these four tiers:
- Tier 1. Nonredundant power, cooling and network connectivity
- Tier 2. At least some redundancy for power and cooling
- Tier 3. Able to withstand a 72-hour power outage
- Tier 4. Able to withstand a 96-hour power outage
Data centers commonly express their efficiency through a score known as their power usage effectiveness ( PUE ). This score reflects how efficiently the data center uses power. Those data centers with a good PUE score are friendlier to the environment and, generally, charge their tenants lower rates for power consumption.
As previously noted, it's also important to consider how a data center was constructed. Every location in the world is susceptible to at least one type of natural disaster, so it's necessary to make sure that a colocation provider's data center was constructed in a way that will help it to survive such a disaster. Data centers in hurricane-prone areas, for example, are often rated to withstand 150 mph winds.

Just as security is of paramount importance to cloud providers, good security is also essential to colocation providers. Colocation providers go to great lengths to ensure the physical security of their data centers.
Some colocation providers erect fences in the data center as a way of isolating their tenant's hardware. Each fence has a locking gate so that tenants are only able to access their own data center hardware.
Security also tends to be implemented in such a way as to require tenants to pass through multiple security checkpoints prior to being able to access data center hardware.
Some colocation providers, however, don't allow their tenants physical access the facility. All hardware maintenance and installation is performed by data center staff through a process known as remote hands .
Each colocation provider has its own pricing model. Some, for instance, bill their tenants based on the amount of rack space that they consume. Other providers lease data center floor space by the square foot. The pricing model isn't the only factor that determines the overall cost of leasing space in a colocation facility. Some of the other factors that can influence the total cost include:
- Bandwidth usage
- Power consumption
- Geographic location
- Technical support incidents
- A support contract
- A required power distribution unit
Colocation vs. public cloud
There are major differences between a colocation data center and a public cloud provider , even though both enable businesses to run workloads in a remote data center.
Colocation centers provide businesses with physical data center space. These facilities provide power, cooling and network connectivity, but it's up to the tenants to provide their own hardware such as servers, storage and supporting infrastructure.
Cloud providers, on the other hand, use their own hardware. Tenants run workloads on the cloud provider's hardware, which is in a cloud data center. The cloud provider then bills the tenant for the compute, storage, network and other resources that their workloads have consumed.
Public clouds are the preferred option for organizations that want consumption-based pricing and that would prefer not to have to purchase or maintain server hardware. Colocation facilities are geared toward organizations that want to run workloads on their own hardware but in a remote data center.
Colocation vendors
There are numerous colocation vendors, both in the United States and around the world. Some of these vendors are small boutique vendors that operate only one or two data centers. Others are massive, multinational providers with dozens -- or even hundreds -- of data centers and tens of millions of square feet of leasable data center space.
Five of the largest and most well-known colocation vendors are:
- Cyxtera Technologies Inc.
- Digital Realty Trust
- Equinix Inc.
Continue Reading About colocation (colo)
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- Hidden colocation cost drivers to look out for in 2021
- Colocation vs. cloud: Quiz yourself on these workload expansion options
- Seven often overlooked colocation costs
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Colocation data centers are a cost-effective outsourced solution for businesses of all types and sizes. We work with colocation providers and operators to maximize uptime, successfully scale services, and apply the latest test and monitoring innovations to optimize the customer experience.
Data center colocation.
- Colocation vs Hyperscale
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Data center colocation is an IT business model where multiple clients rent floor/white space and/or equipment from a third-party provider to supplement their own data center needs. In some cases, an entire facility is leased to one client with the colocation operator providing ongoing monitoring, upgrades and maintenance.
Also referred to as a “colo”, a colocation data center allows smaller businesses with limited IT resources to cost-effectively scale computing power and storage.
What are Colocation Services?
Managed colocation services range from basic rack or floor space sub-leasing to full-service data center operation including application management, network performance monitoring , and data storage optimization. Typical colocation services also include:
- Power: Colocation data centers provide reliable, redundant power for their clients. Depending on the facility and tier, some will utilize uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) and battery backup systems to ensure a consistent power source is always available.
- Cooling: HVAC systems, chillers, and cooling towers are additional elements of colocation data center infrastructure that must be maintained to protect hardware and minimize costs. Inadequate cooling systems can lead to poor power efficiency usage (PUE) ratings, with the associated costs often passed on to clients.
- Security: Virtual and physical security services are offered by many colocation providers. Firewalls and security monitoring practices can protect customer data from cyberattacks. Physical security measures might include guards, around-the-clock video surveillance, and biometric access controls to protect each client’s designated space.

What are the Benefits of Colocation Data Centers?
With new businesses emerging and existing companies expanding, third-party data centers can be a logical and expedient option. The benefits of using a colocation center include:
- Cost Reduction: Although ongoing leasing costs are incurred, colocation eliminates the construction, installation, and IT resources associated with an on-premises data center. As the needs of the business change over time, the colocation footprint and equipment can be adapted more easily.
- Performance: Colocation data center operators leverage economies of scale, updating infrastructure to deliver higher reliability and faster network speeds. Managed colocation services also provide the convenience of smart hands/remote hands acting on behalf of customers to optimize server and cabling performance.
- Redundancy: The power and cooling systems of a colocation center often include built-in redundancies to ensure close to 100% uptime. Advanced interconnection and storage methods support data redundancy, which improves security and recovery times. These levels of redundancy are usually not cost effective for small on-premises data centers.
- Portability: Colocation data center resources are often located close to manufacturing or transportation facilities to reduce latency, yet far enough away to improve physical security and reduce cost/square foot. A data center model based on a flexible customer base also makes it easier to move resources from one location to another.
Colocation vs Hyperscale
According to IDC, a hyperscale data center utilizes at least 5,000 servers and 10,000 square feet of floor space, although many centers are significantly larger. Beyond these capacity thresholds, hyperscale also defines a flexible data center architecture that utilizes software-defined networking (SDN) and specialized load balancing to scale resources quickly.
Although colocation data centers can reach hyperscale proportions, and hyperscale operators might lease resources to multiple clients, there are important differences between the two concepts:
- A colocation data center will lease floor space and computing services to companies of all types and sizes, whereas a hyperscale data center will be occupied only by large organizations like internet content providers (ICPs) and telecommunications companies.
- Hyperscale data center occupants might require thousands of servers to meet their data analytics and storage needs, often consuming over 50 megawatts of power in one deployment.
- Best-in-class servers , virtual networking capabilities, and remote automation and sensing technologies support hyperscale performance and reliability. This makes it impractical to lease floor or rack space to customers providing their own legacy hardware and cabling.

Data Center Tier Classifications
Data center tiers are based on a standardized ranking system created by the Uptime Institute . Each colocation data center receives a classification ranging from level 1-4 based on factors like fault tolerance and uptime guarantees, with level 4 bestowed on only the highest performing data centers.
- Tier 1: This level of performance indicates minimal infrastructure and redundancy, although a UPS and generator to mitigate power outages are required. As an affordable option for smaller customers, Tier 1 data centers guarantee 99.671% uptime.
- Tier 2: With a single path for power and cooling, a Tier 2 colocation data center offers levels of redundancy suitable for many small-medium sized businesses (SMBs). Guaranteed uptime of 99.741% equates to less than 22 hours of allowable downtime per year.
- Tier 3: This intermediate level offers a solid compromise between performance and reliability for larger colocation customers. Tier 3 data centers provide first shift staffing, a 99.982% uptime rating, and the capacity to operate for at least 72 hours after a power outage.
- Tier 4: Hyperscale data centers are among the recipients of this high-performance rating, with 24/7 staffing, redundancy for every component, and at least 99.995% uptime. This translates to a maximum downtime of just 25 minutes per year.
Types of Colocation Facilities
Beyond the performance-based tier classification, colocation data centers are distinguished by size, available services, and location. As the industry has evolved, three distinct categories of colocation facilities have emerged:
- Retail Colocation This colocation center category is suitable for small businesses operating on shorter leases. Space is shared with other customers renting up to one standard rack (42 units) of colocation space. Retail colocation works best for customers with a limited amount of data who do not plan on expanding significantly.
- Wholesale Colocation Tenants in the wholesale colocation category rent out entire data centers or private suites for long-term occupancy. This option offers a higher level of security since data storage is segregated from other clients. Wholesale colocation also provides more opportunities for customization and expansion.
- Hybrid Cloud Colocation A third option combines retail and colocation cloud models to increase overall computing power and scalability from a smaller footprint. The client sets up an on-premises data center or retail colocation space with cloud interoperability so that external cloud applications and services can be used to scale capabilities on demand.
Colocation Data Center vs Cloud
Although colocation and cloud both fulfill specific computing, security, and capacity needs for customers leveraging external resources, they are two very different concepts:
- Cloud computing is defined as on-demand access to applications, data storage, development tools, and networking capabilities over the internet.
- Colocation is defined by shared access to physical space, hardware, and infrastructure. A colocation facility does not create or update client applications.
- Cloud data center resources are managed by a cloud service provider (CSP) who grants access to users based on subscription or usage-based fees.
- Colocation resources are managed by the leasing client who pays for ongoing access to infrastructure rather than computing capabilities.
- Cloud resources including computing and storage capacity are highly scalable due to the virtualized architecture.
- Colocation data center capacity, especially for Tier 1-3 data centers, is essentially fixed based on the physical limitations of the leased floor/rack space.

Colocation Data Center Testing from VIAVI
Data centers rely on flawless hardware, software, and fiber link performance to ensure SLAs are met and customer satisfaction is assured. At the same time, the trend towards “lights out” operation can leave colocation cloud providers with limited options for ongoing verification. Innovative VIAVI test solutions have brought automated workflows and ease-of-use to a suite of handheld test and monitoring solutions for fiber certification, network monitoring, and real-time reporting.
- Fiber Certification and Troubleshooting: As colocation data centers are configured and updated, efficient fiber inspection is essential to prevent compromised throughput. Tier 1 fiber certification verifies the integrity and polarity of fiber links while tier 2 certification uses advanced, automated VIAVI OTDR testing to pinpoint the location and cause of any excessive optical element loss and optical return loss.
- Network Observability: Innovative test solutions ensure that lights out operation does not compromise network or fiber monitoring integrity. The FTH-5000 fiber monitoring solution requires no IT configuration and provides instant alerts when performance degradation is detected. The MAP-2100 solution enables colocation data center operators and service providers to run high-performance bit error rate tests, especially for unmanned locations.

How Does Colocation Data Center Pricing Work?
Cost reduction is a primary motivation for colocation customers. Pricing models and plans for managed colocation services continue to evolve along with the available options and hosting methods. The factors included in data center pricing include:
- Rack/floor space: Floor space (or rack space) is an elemental pricing factor for a colocation center, and among the easiest to quantify. In a retail data center, customers will typically lease all or part of a full-sized 42U rack.
- Internet Service: Internet connectivity is a given for transporting data between the data center and other network locations/users. The speed and bandwidth of this service will depend on the customer requirements and will influence the cost.
- Power Consumption: The energy required to power IT equipment is the highest variable expenditure for the colocation data center provider. Redundant power sources add to this burden, with higher data center tiers linked to higher OPEX passed on to clients.
- Support: The level of support can be customized for clients seeking to outsource equipment monitoring and maintenance functions. Smart hands and remote hands are additional support services that can be priced on as as-needed (rather than fixed) basis.
The "Colo" Market
The global data center colocation market is expected to exceed $200 billion by 2030, as data center occupants seek out flexible and reliable options to ramp up or relocate network capacity. Maintaining a competitive edge in this emerging market requires a dedication to testing, monitoring, and security throughout the data center lifecycle.
As the ecosystem expands, we partner with data center operators and service providers to meet the demanding uptime, performance (throughput and latency), and data integrity requirements of colocation data centers. Our commitment to innovation and ongoing collaboration with customers and standards bodies have combined to yield the industry’s most comprehensive data center testing toolkit and automation solutions.
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What is a Colocation Data Center?
With a colocation data center, also known as a “colo”, businesses can rent data center infrastructure from a third party. While this transfers responsibility for most if not all of the infrastructure, businesses still need to secure data center assets such as cyber assets that do not fall to the colo’s responsibility for securing access to the physical infrastructure.
Gartner Report Hybrid Data Center Security
Colocation Data Center Definition
Many organizations see in-house data centers or hosted infrastructure as an either-or. However, colocation data centers provide a third option that splits the difference between the two. In a colocation data center, an organization is leasing space from a third-party provider similar to a cloud-based deployment model. However, unlike the cloud, the servers and network infrastructure used by a company are privately owned and operated by that company.
Types of Colocation Facilities
Colocation data centers come in a few different types, including:
- Hybrid Cloud: A hybrid cloud colo deployment includes a combination of on-premises and outsourced data center solutions.
Benefits of a Colocation Data Center
By deploying IT assets in a colocated data center, an organization can take advantage of a number of benefits compared to an on-premises data center, including:
- Geographic Flexibility: An organization can choose to house their resources at colocation data center facilities anywhere. This allows the company to site its infrastructure closer to users or in a location with better Internet connectivity or reduced vulnerability to natural disasters than a company’s headquarters location.
- Improved Reliability: A colo has the resources necessary to deploy and maintain redundant and resilient systems. This provides a higher level of reliability than many organizations are capable of achieving in-house.
- Lower Personnel Requirements: Operating an in-house data center requires numerous technical staff to deploy, configure, and maintain various data center components. In a colocated data center, the provider can handle many of these tasks, reducing in-house technical personnel requirements.
- Reduced Costs: Colocation DC facilities take advantage of economies of scale. By supporting multiple customers’ data centers within a single facility, that enables customers to build data centers at a lower cost than a fully in-house data center.
- Scalability: As companies grow and pursue digital transformation initiatives, their IT and data center requirements may grow. An in-house data center’s capacity is limited by the availability of space and other resources, but a colocation DC offers room to grow.
Colocation Data Center vs Cloud
In both colocation data centers and cloud environments, an organization’s IT assets are housed in third-party provider’s facilities, which offers improved cost, scalability, and reliability. However, these two data center deployment models have significant differences.
In a colo data center, an organization can own and control its own physical assets, including computers and network hardware. Under this arrangement, the company is wholly responsible for managing and securing its complete infrastructure stack.
In a cloud environment, the underlying physical assets belong to and are managed by the cloud provider. Customers have access to virtual assets, and the breakdown of access and control between the provider and the customer depends on the cloud service model used (PaaS, IaaS, SaaS, etc.). Under this model, the cloud provider and customer share responsibility for managing and securing the infrastructure stack.
Data Center Security with Check Point
A colocated data center enables an organization to take advantage of the benefits of hosted infrastructure while maintaining control over its IT systems. While this provides significant benefits, it also leaves an organization responsible for protecting its systems against cyber threats.
Protecting a data center against modern cyber threats requires data center security solutions that can scale with an organization’s IT infrastructure and offer strong threat prevention, detection, and response. This includes the use of automation, AI, and an integrated security management system to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of an organization’s security personnel.
Check Point’s data center security solutions offer protection for all types of data centers, including on-premises, colocated, cloud-based, and hybrid deployments. By unifying security across the enterprise, Check Point enables an organization to take advantage of the full benefits of colocated data centers without the risk of additional security complexity or missed threat detections.
To learn more about the benefits of colocated data centers and how to reduce data center costs, check out the Check Point data center security solutions . You’re also welcome to sign up for a free demo of Check Point Maestro to learn how to better scale and secure your corporate data center.
Recommended Resources
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Hyperscale Network Security
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Related Topics
What is Hyperscale?
Data Center Security Best Practices
Data Center Threats and Vulnerabilities

How Data Center Colocation Works

Data Center Colocation (aka “colo”) is a rental service for enterprise customers to store their servers and other hardware necessary for daily operations. The service offers shared, secure spaces in cool, monitored environments ideal for servers, while ensuring bandwidth needs are met. The data center will offer tiers of services that guarantee a certain amount of uptime.
The decision to move, expand, or consolidate your data center is one that must be weighed in the context of cost, operational reliability and of course, security. With these considerations in mind, more companies are finding that colocation offers the solution they need without the hassle of managing their own data center.
Data center colocation works like renting from a landlord: Customers rent space in the center to store their hardware.
(This article is part of our Data Center Operations Guide . Use the right-hand menu to navigate.)
Benefits of data center colocation
Data center colocation could be the right choice for any business of any size, in any industry. Let’s look at the benefits.
Server uptime is a big advantage enterprise businesses have in data center colocation. By buying into a specific tier, each enterprise server client is guaranteed a certain percentage of uptime without the payroll cost to maintain or other maintenance fees.

Risk management
Utilizing a colocation facility ensures business continuity in the event of natural disasters or an outage. This means that if your business location loses power, your network traffic will not be affected.
Its key to success is redundancy . The layers of redundancy offered at a data center colocation are far more complex than many companies can afford in-house.
Some enterprise companies will consider the off-site location as their primary data storage location while maintaining onsite copies of data as backup.
(Read about enterprise risk management .)
Data centers are equipped with the latest in security technology including cameras and biometric readers, check-in desks that welcome inbound visitors, and checks for security badges are commonplace.
These facilities are monitored 24/7/365, both in the physical world and on the cloud to ensure that unauthorized access does not occur.
One of the main advantages of colocation is that it results in significant cost savings especially when measured against managing a data center in-house . This means that for many companies, renting the space they need from a data center offers a practical solution to ever-shrinking IT budgets. With colocation, there is no need to worry about planning for capital expenditures such as:
- UPS (uninterrupted power sources)
- Multiple backup generators
- Power grids
- HVAC units (and the ongoing cost of cooling )
Apart from these capital expenditures , there are also ongoing maintenance costs associated with maintaining and managing an in-house server.

Colos issue the bandwidth that enterprise client servers need to function properly. With large pipes of bandwidth to power multiple companies, data center colocations are primed to support businesses in a way their office location likely cannot—something that’s increasingly important to remote work.
Support & certifications
Data center colocation offers the benefit of peace of mind.
When you partner with a data center colocation, your enterprise business may be able to reduce potential payroll costs by relying on the data center experts to manage and troubleshoot major pieces of equipment. Enterprise businesses can rely on expert support from experts who are certified to help.
Scalability
As your business grows, you can easily expand your IT infrastructure needs through colocation.
Different industries will have different requirements in terms of the functionalities they need from their data center as it relates to space, power, support and security. Regardless, your service provider will work with you to determine your needs and make adjustments quickly.
In-house data center vs data center colocation
While data center outsourcing offers many benefits, some enterprise organizations may still prefer to manage their own data centers for a few reasons.
Control over data
Whenever you put important equipment in someone else’s charge, you run the risk of damage to your equipment and even accidental data loss . Fortunately, data centers are set up with redundancy and other protocols to reduce the likelihood of this occurring, as discussed above.
But some enterprise businesses with the knowledge and resources to handle data in-house, feel more comfortable with being liable for their own servers.
They also benefit from being able to fix server issues immediately when they occur. Enterprise businesses who seek to outsource instead must work closely with their service providers to ensure issues are resolved in a timely manner.
Contractual constraints
Enterprise business owners may find that they are unpleasantly surprised by the limitations of the contract between their company and a colo facility. Clauses that include:
- Vendor lock-in
- Contract termination or nonrenewal
- Equipment ownership
Choosing a data center
Here are eight considerations enterprise IT Directors should think about before moving their data to a co-located data facility.
- Is the agreement flexible to meet my needs?
- Does the facility support my power needs, current and future?
- Is the facility network carrier neutral? Or does it offer a variety of network carriers?
- Is it the best location for my data? Accessible? Out of the way of disaster areas?
- Is the security up to my standards?
- Is the data center certified with the Uptime Institute ?
- Does my enterprise business have a plan for handling transitional costs?
- Is this data center scalable for future growth?
If an enterprise business leader can answer ‘yes’ to the above questions, it may be the right time to make the change.
Cloud services vs colocation
The cloud is another option over data center colocation:
- A cloud services provider will manage all elements of the data: servers, storage, and network elements.
- An enterprise’s only responsibility will be to work with their services and use it.
Cloud services are great for allowing a business to focus more on their business requirements and less on the technical requirements for warehousing their data . In this case, cloud services can be cheaper, and enable new businesses to get off the ground quicker.
More established businesses are considered to be better suited to handle their own data center needs through colo or in house means, and the costs to establish and maintain their colo will be cheaper in the long run than cloud services options.
Cloud services also allow access to quick start-up times, less technical knowledge required to get going, easily scalable (both up and down) server needs, and then integrated services with all the other options a cloud service provider might offer such as:
- Integrated monitoring
- Data storage and querying tools
- Networking tools
- Machine learning tools
(Accurately estimate the cost of your cloud migration .)
What’s next for data center colocation?
The biggest push in the industry comes from cloud service providers who use colo as a way to meet their hefty equipment storage needs. At the same time, the industry has been and will continue to remain fluid as laws change with regard to cloud storage requirements.
While soaring demand from cloud service providers has made the need for data center colocation increase, new technology offers rack storage density options that allow colo facilities to mitigate the demand for hardware space.
Related reading
- BMC IT Operations Blog
- BMC AIOps Blog
- Data Center Migration: Creating a DC Inventory
- What Is a Software-Defined Data Center? SDDCs Explained
- DAS vs NAS vs SAN: Choosing the Right Storage Solution
- Major Network Outages
Discover the next evolution in capacity, resource, and cost optimization
86% of global IT leaders in a recent IDG survey find it very, or extremely, challenging to optimize their IT resources to meet changing business demands.

These postings are my own and do not necessarily represent BMC's position, strategies, or opinion.
See an error or have a suggestion? Please let us know by emailing [email protected] .
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Data center colocation is an outsourced data center solution that businesses typically use to expand past the capacity of their own data center. Most typically, smaller companies with limited IT resources choose this option over building their own data center because it’s a cheaper option.
With colocation, several organizations place their servers in – or lease servers – from the same physical colocation data center provider. Colocation tends to include network connections and the associated bandwidth, redundant power, cooling and physical offices. Geographically dispersed businesses may use several colocation facilities to ensure that the respective data center locations are nearby their office locations.
Colocation is sometimes called “colo” for short. Alternatively, colocation may be referred to as “carrier hotels.” A point of confusion is the difference in terms, colocation data centers vs. colocation server racks, which are not the same thing. Colocation server racks house servers used by multiple companies.
With data center colocation, even an advanced Tier 4 data center can be mirrored in a remote location.
Colocation Benefits
The benefits of colocation should be compared with other alternatives, such as public clouds and private clouds , so a business can make the best investments. Colocation benefits include:
Cost control. Costs are pre-determined in the service provider’s contract.
Headcount control. Infrastructure setup and maintenance, including cooling, power, and interconnections between resources tend to be handled by the colocation provider.
Scalability. Colocation providers tend to have ample space to expand resources within a given data center. When negotiating with a service provider, the customer should always inquire about this.
Reliability. Colocation data centers provide redundancy and disaster recovery, bandwidth connections through several service providers, uninterrupted power supplies and backup power generators.
Security. Since colocation providers are maintaining equipment for several companies, they necessarily provide multiple layers of security to protect the infrastructure.
Lower costs. Colocation is cheaper than building a data center from scratch.
OpEx vs. CapEx. Leasing equipment is an operational expense, while buying equipment is a capital expenditure. Accounting rules treat the two options differently. OpEx is said to be preferable over CapEx because OpEx is fully tax-deductible, whereas CapEx costs are amortized. Colocation can involve both in situations when a company owns the servers and storage and leases the bandwidth, floor space, cooling, power and security.
24/7/365 support. The systems are maintained by knowledgeable IT staff and engineers.
Flexibility. Some companies opt for a private data center suite within the data while others opt for shared facilities.
Newer vs. older infrastructure. Colocation providers use state-of-the-art equipment to stay competitive. In-house data centers tend to have aging infrastructure.
Data Center Colocation Costs
Colocation costs may vary among data center companies . Costs are also determined by a customer’s unique requirements. Essentially, it’s the cost of leasing whatever is required, which can include:
- Cost per rack
- Cost per kW (includes cooling)
- Cost per square foot
- Server management and maintenance
- Cross connects to carriers (may or may not be an added expense)
- Cages and cabinets for added security
- Shared facility vs dedicated data center suite
- Service-level agreement (SLA)
- Compliance management
- Single location vs multiple locations
- Planning and logistics support (also known as “remote hands”)
Colocation vs. Cloud Computing
Colocation and cloud computing both provide a shared facility. However, colocation customers usually own the servers, which the colocation provider manages. And they lease physical space and other components such as network connections, redundant power supplies and cooling from the colocation provider.
Cloud companies own and manage all the infrastructure components and make them available as a service via the Internet to customers that subscribe to the service. Since IT doesn’t manage cloud infrastructure, it has more time to focus on strategic work and innovation. In short, colocation is tangible, meaning that a customer’s servers exist in a readily-identifiable location. Cloud is intangible because infrastructure is made available as a service.
Colocation can be used as a stepping stone to cloud for data center migration or used simultaneously with cloud, depending on a company’s preferences and requirements. For example, some organizations hesitate to put sensitive information in a public cloud environment because they believe it’s more secure in an on-site data center.
Colocation can provide non-cloud experience with third-party managed infrastructure. Some colocation providers offer cloud services to provide customers with greater migration and task flexibility. Usually it’s not a choice of colocation vs. cloud, it’s colocation and cloud. The service provider may or may not charge a customer for moving some or all their resources from colocation to cloud, depending on which hybrid cloud provider contracted. Alternatively, the colocation provider may not offer migration services or even managed services.
Colocation may be cheaper than cloud, which may seem surprising. A common mistake is to believe that cloud is necessarily cheaper than other options. This is especially true when one is not familiar with the “gotchas,” like leaving resources up and running vs. tearing them down after they are no longer needed.
That said, cloud offers on-demand resources whereas the point of colocation is to have dedicated resources. It is far easier to dynamically scale resources in a cloud environment.
Small companies are more likely to go directly to the cloud because they lack internal IT resources. Larger companies that want to maintain tight control over some servers choose colocation usually as part of a hybrid data center architecture strategy that provides greater overall more efficient data center . To get visibility into the colocation data center, customers take advantage of data center management software .
Colocation Facilities
Customers can choose from several colocation facilities options including:
- Retail colocation. This is a shared data center environment in which a customer leases a rack, space within a rack or a cabinet for higher security.
- Wholesale colocation. This is a dedicated data center within the larger colocation data center facility.
- Hybrid cloud-based colocation. Colocation is used as part of a hybrid cloud strategy.
Why Data Center Tiers are Important
Data center tiers reflect a degree of robustness. Tier 1 is the lowest tier; Tier 4 is the highest tier.
See Full Table
Colocation Service Providers
Colocation service providers offer a diverse set of services. Some are very hands on, others less so. If you’re in the market for a provider, this is one area where it truly helps to do your homework. A data center’s link to its colocation facility must be secure and seamless.
- Centurylink/Cyxtera Technologies
- Digital Reality (merged with Dupont Fabros Technology)
- Global Switch
- Iron Mountain
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The three main types of data centers in a colocation facility include retail, wholesale, and hybrid cloud-based colocation. Retail Colocation With retail colocation, you lease space inside a data center, typically either a rack, an area inside a rack, or your own caged-off room. Wholesale Colocation
Colocation centers provide businesses with physical data center space. These facilities provide power, cooling and network connectivity, but it's up to the tenants to provide their own hardware such as servers, storage and supporting infrastructure. Cloud providers, on the other hand, use their own hardware.
A colocation data center will lease floor space and computing services to companies of all types and sizes, whereas a hyperscale data center will be occupied only by large organizations like internet content providers (ICPs) and telecommunications companies.
In a colocation data center, an organization is leasing space from a third-party provider similar to a cloud-based deployment model. However, unlike the cloud, the servers and network infrastructure used by a company are privately owned and operated by that company. Types of Colocation Facilities
Data Center Colocation (aka “colo”) is a rental service for enterprise customers to store their servers and other hardware necessary for daily operations. The service offers shared, secure spaces in cool, monitored environments ideal for servers, while ensuring bandwidth needs are met.
Data center colocation is an outsourced data center solution that businesses typically use to expand past the capacity of their own data center. Most typically, smaller companies with limited IT resources choose this option over building their own data center because it’s a cheaper option.