awaiting carrier assignment bmw 2022

I learned something new today. I thought awaiting carrier assignment meant BMW/Mini were setting up the boat it will go on. I bet some of you did too. Nope! Awaiting carrier assignment means they are deciding which carrier will "carry" the car from the factory to the port. Get it, carry vs ship! Once it is at the port it is assigned a ship. I think the ship is assigned after the car is on it.

zellsun Member

Which means after this status, the vessel info should be in the system even the car is still at the port waiting to be loaded onto the vessel. Right?

zellsun said: ↑ Which means after this status, the vessel info should be in the system even the car is still at the port waiting to be loaded onto the vessel. Right? Click to expand...

SameGuy Well-Known Member Subscriber

What are the status codes for those? They don’t seem to match what I’d been given (and which are the same as on the ten-plus year old MA/NAM threads)

SameGuy said: ↑ What are the status codes for those? They don’t seem to match what I’d been given (and which are the same as on the ten-plus year old MA/NAM threads) Click to expand...

Lol mine went from 037 to 150 to 182 just like that and with little info from my MA, so I’m just curious if the codes have changed.

Joe c Member

Tommm check again. I was at port since May 17, yesterday showed in port, today now showing in transit! I believe it's heritage leader, not rhea leader.

Joe c said: ↑ Tommm check again. I was at port since May 17, yesterday showed in port, today now showing in transit! I believe it's heritage leader, not rhea leader. Click to expand...

CiaoContessa New Member

Tommm said: ↑ No idea. They are from the timeline on my mini garage, track my mini. Maybe you can cut and paste, and add the status codes, or insert them where you think they would go. Here is what track my mini has. Order received Scheduled for production Production begins Exterior body assembly begins In the paint booth Entering assembly line Assembly in progress Quality check Final assembly Ready for transport Awaiting carrier assignment Dispatched from factory At the port In transit At the dealership Vehicle delivered Click to expand...

CiaoContessa said: ↑ When I placed the order in March, the sales rep said I should take delivery the 3rd week of May. Click to expand...

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Awaiting Carrier Assignment? 2023 X1

I ordered a 2023 X1 and my order has been in “awaiting carrier assignment” for about a week now. How long is it usually in this step? How much longer until my car arrives? I’m so anxious 😩 I’m on the East Coast, USA

I’m been at “at the port” status for a full week. My rep told me I won’t get the car until 12/6. Even if it comes in early, BMW has a hard sell date of 12/6.

Since I heard that, I’ve stopped checking. But still currently at the port.

There's apparently a "stop sale" on these

Interesting, I was under the impression the hard sell ends today, 11/5

My dealer told me the car will be released on 11/9. I am scheduled to receive it this week and the car is at the dealership. It is possible that cars/builds get cleared for sale in the US individually as the car is still very new. My car was stuck at the port (in the US) for a month as well.

Have you learned any more on this, or have you seen your status change? I have one coming to the East coast as well, and am sitting at Carrier assignment. Wondering when it will arrive.

Nope, nothing at all. My dealer reached out yesterday telling me to hang tight as my car is still waiting on a boat so that confirmed the tracker is up to date

Update: dispatched from factory!

What was your production date? I ordered one that was built and has been stuck in QC (status 155) since then. I am actually located in Germany so don’t have to worry about the transportation piece, but no real word on a delivery date here either.

I had a week 40 production date, it went into production on 10/13. I’m not exactly sure when mine went into QC status because it went from “in the paint booth” (stayed there for 3 or 4 days) then jumped straight to “awaiting carrier assignment”

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Order/Production/Shipping/delivery Timeline

For those who are interested, or compulsive, here is the timeline for my 2020 750. July 8 Car ordered for a slot the dealer had for week 38. I was told Azurite paint would delay production anyhow; and my current lease is not up until November. Aug 12 Assigned production number. I was told completion was scheduled for Sept 20. Sept 11 "Production begins;" car stayed in "production begins" for a week; Sept 18 "Body assembly begins" Sept 19 "In the Paint Booth" Sept 19 "Entering assembly line" Sept 20 "Assembly in Progress" Sept 20 "Quality Check" Sept 20 "Final assembly" Sept 20 "Ready for Transport" Sept 20 "Awaiting Carrier Assignment" (the explanation says "a carrier has been assigned.") Sept 23 "Dispatched from Factory" Sept 24 "At the port" October 2 Loaded on vessel "Toledo" Boat tracked on MarineTraffic.com October 5 BMW phone tracking says "in transit" (I knew I was actually on the boat) Confirmed with Wallenius Willhemson site. Original estimated arrival in New York - October 16 Revised estimated time of arrival - October 17 (storm in the Atlantic slowed things down) October 17 Arrived New York October 17 "Discharged" (about 11pm) (from Wallenius Willhemson site) October 17 "Delivered From" (about 11pm) (also from Wallenius Willhemson site) October 20: the BMW on line tracking app is still showing the car "at the port" and did not move to "in transit" until it was unloaded in NY. October 21: BMW phone tracking says car is "in transit" October 21: BMW Genius confirms that car is at VDC; cannot give delivery date other than outside estimate, which is Nov 17. A month at VDC??? October 22: Dealer confirms car is at VDC and says they will attempt to expedite October 22: BMW online tracking still shows car "at the port." October 23: Online tracking still shows "at the port." October 24: Dealer informed me car will arrive by Monday or Tuesday Oct 28 or 29 October 24 Online tracking now shows "in transit." I believe the way the site works "in transit" means the car has left the destination port. However, the phone system reported "in transit" after it was on the boat leaving Bremerhaven. October 25: BMW app reports car is "At Dealership"; Oct 25 is a Friday. Dealer says they are awaiting title, expect it Monday morning and I can pick up Monday afternoon October 28: Car picked up. :thumbup:

How did you manage to confirm your car on the WW site? Having trouble with mine

PM me. There is still a way to put in the VIn and confirm the boat you are on. After that, it is tracking the boat through 3d party sites like Marine Traffic.

In what town was your dealer located?

J-RO said: In what town was your dealer located? Click to expand...

The reason why I asked was because I have a vehicle coming arriving in a few weeks and I was trying to get an idea from your timeline as to the time it arrives in the Newark to the dealer. Could you narrow down your answer to Long Island, Westchester or points North? Thanks.

Long Island. But once in port the ability to track is gone. In my case, if I am remembering right it took about 5-6 days from Newark to the dealer on Long Island. That's a 2 - 2 1/2 hour drive even with bad traffic. The dealer will want a day or so to prep it and they also have to wait for the title paperwork, so I think it was a about a week from Newark to my delivery. That was with nothing unusal to be installed at the port. The other variable is the availability of space on a carrier truck as they will usually want to group cars going to the same geographic area. Hope this is helpful and not just "it will get there when it gets there." At most points in the whole process, until the very end, I knew as much or more than the dealer knew.

Thank you. Very helpful.

Not a 7 series but I figured I would post my time line. 8/4/2020: Ordered 8/24/20: Production Begins 9/3/20: Exterior Body Assembly Begins, In Paint Booth, Entering Assembly Line, Assembly in Progress, Quality Check 9/4/20: Quality Check 9/5/20: Quality Check 9/6/20: Quality Check 9/7/20: Final Assembly, Ready For Transport, Awaiting Carrier Assignment 9/8/20: Awaiting Carrier Assignment 9/9/20: Dispatched From Factory 9/10/20 - 9/16/20: At the Port 9/17/20: In Transit (Themis) 10/7/20: Arrives In Newark 10/9/20: Released To Carrier 10/13/20: Arrived At Dealer 10/15/20: Picked Up At Dealer

J-RO said: Not a 7 series but I figured I would post my time line. 8/4/2020: Ordered 8/24/20: Production Begins 9/3/20: Exterior Body Assembly Begins, In Paint Booth, Entering Assembly Line, Assembly in Progress, Quality Check 9/4/20: Quality Check 9/5/20: Quality Check 9/6/20: Quality Check 9/7/20: Final Assembly, Ready For Transport, Awaiting Carrier Assignment 9/8/20: Awaiting Carrier Assignment 9/9/20: Dispatched From Factory 9/10/20 - 9/16/20: At the Port 9/17/20: In Transit (Themis) 10/7/20: Arrives In Newark 10/9/20: Released To Carrier 10/13/20: Arrived At Dealer 10/15/20: Picked Up At Dealer Click to expand...

It is pretty fast, looking at the fact that this is tracking information of a car. It was assembled and delivered to you faster than my parcel from China. Four months ago, I ordered some details for my 3D printer from AliExpress. Usually, I use packet tracking to check the parcel's status, but this time I didn't really wait for all that stuff, and I forgot about the order. Last week the delivery guy gave me the parcel, and I even wondered what it could be. It was delivered so slow that I even forgot about it.

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No doubt you’re a person of discerning taste (since you’re reading this blog). And that means you might be particular about what your new BMW might look like. Taking one off the lot and settling isn’t an option for you, so you’ve decided to order one. But how does it all happen? I’ll show you. Here’s a step-by-step guide for ordering and tracking a new BMW.

Step 1 – Find a POG and Price Guide

No doubt you’ve built your own BMW on their website, but sometimes it’s not always so good at describing what particular options come with a package, or what’s standard. Search for a Product Ordering Guide (or POG), which is the “official” guide from BMW that comes from the factory itself. Usually helpful owners on Bimmerpost will share them.

POGs always change unannounced. I can give you an example of why this matters. I had a 2011 E92 M3. BMW also produced a 2011.5. That six-month difference added the auto stop/start feature to the car. It’s a small change, but an important one, and you might not realize what your specific car comes with without a POG.

The price guide looks the same, but simply lists the cost of every option on the car. My advice? Decide exactly what BMW you want before stepping foot in the dealer.

Step 2 – Allocations

You’ll hear the term “allocation” a lot, and it basically means a slot for the dealership to order your car. Allocations are different for every dealer, based on how much they sell. Some might have 2 M3 slots per month, others 5 or 6.

Once the deal is made for your car, they must submit the order and use one of their allocations. Remember that these are total allocations, so they are selling one to you as oppose to ordering a car to place on their lot.

That doesn’t mean you can’t still do the right deal for the car you want. It does mean you must be patient. If one dealer doesn’t have a slot open, try another.

I was lucky with both my M3 and X3 M40i . My dealer, Circle BMW in Eatontown, NJ , was very accommodating and helpful. While the M3 has been back-ordered (no dealer had a slot open), they’ve kept me up to date and placed my order as soon as one was available.

Step 3 – Tracking your new BMW

Once the order is in and you have a production number, you’ll be entered in the build que. Pre-COVID, this entire process would take about eight weeks (from Germany), or 4 weeks (from South Carolina).

Remember that without a production number, you have no allocation. If you find a dealer that says they have an allocation for you, but no production number, call out their shenanigans.

Once the car is scheduled for production, you’ll be able to get the actual VIN number of your car on the website.

3A – Tracking options

You can either use the owner portal on BMWUSA.com , or call the BMW Genius hotline for updates on the status of your car. The website can sometimes lag behind a few hours, or even days, so for the most up-to-date info, call the hotline.

3B – Build status

There are multiple steps to the build process:

Once the order is received, it can take anywhere from one day to one week to begin building the car, depending on where you entered the que.

You might might hear code numbers from your client advisor or BMW if you call for an update.

3C – The factory

I’ve taken a plant tour in South Carolina, and after the paint dries for about a day, the car takes less than 24 hours to fully assemble. They literally build them as you walk through the plant (no pics allowed), and it’s a sight to behold. This means that it’s possible for you to miss the entire assembly process online, and go from “in the paint booth” to “Ready for Transport” in a span of 24 hours. It happens that fast, and the site is slow to update.

Individual orders

If you’ve done an Individual color for your car, the rolling chassis is pulled off the production line and painted in a separate booth. This can add some time to the process, depending on the color. BMW approves colors on a case-by-case basis, and they can sometimes deny you your first choice. Given the wait times for the G80, I skipped an individual order this time.

3D – Shipping

Depending on where your car is from and where it’s going, a few things might happen.

Built in the US

Bought an X3, X4, X5, X6 or X7? That’s going to leave the factory from South Carolina via train or truck, depending upon where it’s being transported to. The website will simply say “In transit”, but if you call the BMW GENIUS line, they can give you the method of transportation and who specifically is shipping it. That usually allows you to track it online if you’re so inclined.

Built in Germany

If your BMW was built in Germany, then it’s going to have to go across an ocean to get there. Again, start by calling BMW GENIUS, and they can tell you the shipping line the car will use.

Almost all BMWs are shipped from Bremerhaven, Germany, regardless of the factory your BMW was built at (Dingolfing, Regensburg, Munich, etc.). Once the car says “in transit”, call BMW and find out the ship’s name, and then you’ll be able to watch it sail across the ocean via websites like marinetracker.com.

Step 4 – Arrival

There are a few ports that your car can end up at, depending on what part of the country you live in. Here are the typical port calls:

Figure on your car taking a week to ten days if on the east coast, and a bit over 2 weeks of travel time if on the west coast.

Once off the boat (or train), the car heads to the VPC, or Vehicle Processing Center. There’s one at every port, and it’s brand-specific, meaning BMW has their own shop.

What happens here? Everything. The car is looked over, and any damage from transit is repaired. It’s a paint, mechanic and restoration shop all in one.

If you’ve ordered OEM+ parts from the dealer, from floor mats to exhausts, this is also the place they get added on. Cars are usually only here for a few days at most, but occasionally, they get held up by “stop sales”, or issues with the car that need to be fixed across the board before any car can be “sold”. As an example, the G80 had an issue with its camera system if you ordered the Parking Assistant Package. Mine did not and was let through, but other friends who were on the assembly line with me were held back to fix the issue.

By now, the website might switch back to “in transit” while your car is loaded onto a truck for final delivery to your dealership.

Step 4 – Delivery

Once the car arrives at the dealer, they must prep it by removing the protective wrapping and prepping the iDrive system for your specific region.

Performance Center Delivery

Sadly, BMW no longer offers Euro delivery to collect your car at the Welt, so if you want a special experience, the BMW Performance Center is it. Your new BMW is shipped there and prepped, and you’ll get a complimentary stay at a hotel the night before, along with meals and some drive time (not in your car!).

Enjoy tracking your new BMW!

I prefer ordering BMWs this way. With a little patience, you get the exact car you want without compromise. And let’s face it, compromise is no way to start off the relationship between you and your Ultimate Driving Machine.

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Choose Your Test

Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 55 great debate topics for any project.

General Education

A debate is a formal discussion about a topic where two sides present opposing viewpoints. Debates follow a specific structure: each side is given time to speak either for or against the topic at hand.

Many students study debate in high school to improve their speaking skills. As a debater, you learn how to clearly structure and present an argument. The skills you develop as a debater will help you on everything from a college admissions interview to a job presentation.

Selecting debate topics is one of the most important parts of debating. In this article, we’ll explain how to select a good debate topic and give suggestions for debate topics you can use.

How to Select Good Debate Topics

A good debate topic is one that lets the participants and the audience learn about both sides of an issue. Consider the following factors when selecting a debate topic:

Interest: Are you interested in the topic? Would the topic be interesting to your fellow classmates, as well as to the audience listening to the debate? Selecting a topic that you’re interested in makes the preparation part of the debate more exciting , as well as the debate more lively.

Argument Potential: You want to choose a debate topic that has solid argument potential. If one side is clearly right, or if there isn’t a lot of available information, you’ll have a hard time crafting a solid debate.

Availability of Data: Data points make an argument more robust. You’ll want to select a topic with lots of empirical data that you can pull from to bolster your argument.

Now that we know how to select a debate topic, let’s look at a list of good debate topics.

Debate Topics Master List

If you’re searching for your next debate topic, here are some suggestions.

Social and Political Issues Debate Topics

Education Debate Topics

Health Debate Topics

Technology Debate Topics

How to Prepare for a Debate

Once you’ve selected your debate topic, the next step is to prepare for your debate. Follow these steps as you get ready to take the podium.

Read Your Evidence

The most important step to building your debate confidence is to familiarize yourself with the evidence available. You’ll want to select reputable sources and use empirical data effectively.

The more well read on your topic you are, the better you’ll be able to defend your position and anticipate the other side’s arguments.

Anticipate the Other Side’s Arguments

As part of your debate, you’ll need to rebut the other side’s arguments. It’s important to prepare ahead of time to guess what they’ll be talking about. You’ll bolster your own side’s argument if you’re able to effectively dismantle what the other side is saying.

Plan to Fill Your Speech Time

Each speaker at a debate is limited to a certain amount of time. You should plan to use every second of the time that you’re allotted. Make sure you practice your talking points so that you know you’re within the time frame. If you’re short, add in more evidence.

Practice to Build Confidence

It can be scary to take the stage for a debate! Practicing ahead of time will help you build confidence. Remember to speak slowly and clearly. Even if your argument is great, it won’t matter if no one can understand it.

Final Thoughts

Debate is a great way to hone your public speaking skills and get practice crafting and defending an argument. Use these debate topics if you're searching for a focus for your next debate.

What's Next?

Looking for ways to keep the debate going in non-academic life? Then you'll love our list of 101 "this or that" questions to argue over with your friends.

Thinking about how you can use your argumentative skills in a future career? Read up on the five steps to becoming a lawyer to see if that's a path you want to pursue.

Getting ready to take an AP test? Here’s a list of practice tests for every AP exam, including the AP literature exam .

It can be hard to schedule time to study for an AP test on top of your extracurriculars and normal classwork. Check out this article on when you need to start studying for your AP tests to make sure you’re staying on track.

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Our vetted tutor database includes a range of experienced educators who can help you polish an essay for English or explain how derivatives work for Calculus. You can use dozens of filters and search criteria to find the perfect person for your needs.

Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females.

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Homework – Top 3 Pros and Cons

Pro/Con Arguments | Discussion Questions | Take Action | Sources | More Debates

From dioramas to book reports, from algebraic word problems to research projects, whether students should be given homework, as well as the type and amount of homework, has been debated for over a century. [ 1 ]

While we are unsure who invented homework, we do know that the word “homework” dates back to ancient Rome. Pliny the Younger asked his followers to practice their speeches at home. Memorization exercises as homework continued through the Middle Ages and Enlightenment by monks and other scholars. [ 45 ]

In the 19th century, German students of the Volksschulen or “People’s Schools” were given assignments to complete outside of the school day. This concept of homework quickly spread across Europe and was brought to the United States by Horace Mann , who encountered the idea in Prussia. [ 45 ]

In the early 1900s, progressive education theorists, championed by the magazine Ladies’ Home Journal , decried homework’s negative impact on children’s physical and mental health, leading California to ban homework for students under 15 from 1901 until 1917. In the 1930s, homework was portrayed as child labor, which was newly illegal, but the prevailing argument was that kids needed time to do household chores. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 45 ] [ 46 ]

Public opinion swayed again in favor of homework in the 1950s due to concerns about keeping up with the Soviet Union’s technological advances during the Cold War . And, in 1986, the US government included homework as an educational quality boosting tool. [ 3 ] [ 45 ]

A 2014 study found kindergarteners to fifth graders averaged 2.9 hours of homework per week, sixth to eighth graders 3.2 hours per teacher, and ninth to twelfth graders 3.5 hours per teacher. A 2014-2019 study found that teens spent about an hour a day on homework. [ 4 ] [ 44 ]

Beginning in 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic complicated the very idea of homework as students were schooling remotely and many were doing all school work from home. Washington Post journalist Valerie Strauss asked, “Does homework work when kids are learning all day at home?” While students were mostly back in school buildings in fall 2021, the question remains of how effective homework is as an educational tool. [ 47 ]

Is Homework Beneficial?

Pro 1 Homework improves student achievement. Studies have shown that homework improved student achievement in terms of improved grades, test results, and the likelihood to attend college. Research published in the High School Journal indicated that students who spent between 31 and 90 minutes each day on homework “scored about 40 points higher on the SAT-Mathematics subtest than their peers, who reported spending no time on homework each day, on average.” [ 6 ] Students in classes that were assigned homework outperformed 69% of students who didn’t have homework on both standardized tests and grades. A majority of studies on homework’s impact – 64% in one meta-study and 72% in another – showed that take-home assignments were effective at improving academic achievement. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Research by the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) concluded that increased homework led to better GPAs and higher probability of college attendance for high school boys. In fact, boys who attended college did more than three hours of additional homework per week in high school. [ 10 ] Read More

Pro 2 Homework helps to reinforce classroom learning, while developing good study habits and life skills. Students typically retain only 50% of the information teachers provide in class, and they need to apply that information in order to truly learn it. Abby Freireich and Brian Platzer, co-founders of Teachers Who Tutor NYC, explained, “at-home assignments help students learn the material taught in class. Students require independent practice to internalize new concepts… [And] these assignments can provide valuable data for teachers about how well students understand the curriculum.” [ 11 ] [ 49 ] Elementary school students who were taught “strategies to organize and complete homework,” such as prioritizing homework activities, collecting study materials, note-taking, and following directions, showed increased grades and more positive comments on report cards. [ 17 ] Research by the City University of New York noted that “students who engage in self-regulatory processes while completing homework,” such as goal-setting, time management, and remaining focused, “are generally more motivated and are higher achievers than those who do not use these processes.” [ 18 ] Homework also helps students develop key skills that they’ll use throughout their lives: accountability, autonomy, discipline, time management, self-direction, critical thinking, and independent problem-solving. Freireich and Platzer noted that “homework helps students acquire the skills needed to plan, organize, and complete their work.” [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] [ 15 ] [ 49 ] Read More

Pro 3 Homework allows parents to be involved with children’s learning. Thanks to take-home assignments, parents are able to track what their children are learning at school as well as their academic strengths and weaknesses. [ 12 ] Data from a nationwide sample of elementary school students show that parental involvement in homework can improve class performance, especially among economically disadvantaged African-American and Hispanic students. [ 20 ] Research from Johns Hopkins University found that an interactive homework process known as TIPS (Teachers Involve Parents in Schoolwork) improves student achievement: “Students in the TIPS group earned significantly higher report card grades after 18 weeks (1 TIPS assignment per week) than did non-TIPS students.” [ 21 ] Homework can also help clue parents in to the existence of any learning disabilities their children may have, allowing them to get help and adjust learning strategies as needed. Duke University Professor Harris Cooper noted, “Two parents once told me they refused to believe their child had a learning disability until homework revealed it to them.” [ 12 ] Read More

Con 1 Too much homework can be harmful. A poll of California high school students found that 59% thought they had too much homework. 82% of respondents said that they were “often or always stressed by schoolwork.” High-achieving high school students said too much homework leads to sleep deprivation and other health problems such as headaches, exhaustion, weight loss, and stomach problems. [ 24 ] [ 28 ] [ 29 ] Alfie Kohn, an education and parenting expert, said, “Kids should have a chance to just be kids… it’s absurd to insist that children must be engaged in constructive activities right up until their heads hit the pillow.” [ 27 ] Emmy Kang, a mental health counselor, explained, “More than half of students say that homework is their primary source of stress, and we know what stress can do on our bodies.” [ 48 ] Excessive homework can also lead to cheating: 90% of middle school students and 67% of high school students admit to copying someone else’s homework, and 43% of college students engaged in “unauthorized collaboration” on out-of-class assignments. Even parents take shortcuts on homework: 43% of those surveyed admitted to having completed a child’s assignment for them. [ 30 ] [ 31 ] [ 32 ] Read More

Con 2 Homework exacerbates the digital divide or homework gap. Kiara Taylor, financial expert, defined the digital divide as “the gap between demographics and regions that have access to modern information and communications technology and those that don’t. Though the term now encompasses the technical and financial ability to utilize available technology—along with access (or a lack of access) to the Internet—the gap it refers to is constantly shifting with the development of technology.” For students, this is often called the homework gap. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] 30% (about 15 to 16 million) public school students either did not have an adequate internet connection or an appropriate device, or both, for distance learning. Completing homework for these students is more complicated (having to find a safe place with an internet connection, or borrowing a laptop, for example) or impossible. [ 51 ] A Hispanic Heritage Foundation study found that 96.5% of students across the country needed to use the internet for homework, and nearly half reported they were sometimes unable to complete their homework due to lack of access to the internet or a computer, which often resulted in lower grades. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] One study concluded that homework increases social inequality because it “potentially serves as a mechanism to further advantage those students who already experience some privilege in the school system while further disadvantaging those who may already be in a marginalized position.” [ 39 ] Read More

Con 3 Homework does not help younger students, and may not help high school students. We’ve known for a while that homework does not help elementary students. A 2006 study found that “homework had no association with achievement gains” when measured by standardized tests results or grades. [ 7 ] Fourth grade students who did no homework got roughly the same score on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) math exam as those who did 30 minutes of homework a night. Students who did 45 minutes or more of homework a night actually did worse. [ 41 ] Temple University professor Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek said that homework is not the most effective tool for young learners to apply new information: “They’re learning way more important skills when they’re not doing their homework.” [ 42 ] In fact, homework may not be helpful at the high school level either. Alfie Kohn, author of The Homework Myth, stated, “I interviewed high school teachers who completely stopped giving homework and there was no downside, it was all upside.” He explains, “just because the same kids who get more homework do a little better on tests, doesn’t mean the homework made that happen.” [ 52 ] Read More

Discussion Questions

1. Is homework beneficial? Consider the study data, your personal experience, and other types of information. Explain your answer(s).

2. If homework were banned, what other educational strategies would help students learn classroom material? Explain your answer(s).

3. How has homework been helpful to you personally? How has homework been unhelpful to you personally? Make carefully considered lists for both sides.

Take Action

1. Examine an argument in favor of quality homework assignments from Janine Bempechat.

2. Explore Oxford Learning’s infographic on the effects of homework on students.

3. Consider Joseph Lathan’s argument that homework promotes inequality .

4. Consider how you felt about the issue before reading this article. After reading the pros and cons on this topic, has your thinking changed? If so, how? List two to three ways. If your thoughts have not changed, list two to three ways your better understanding of the “other side of the issue” now helps you better argue your position.

5. Push for the position and policies you support by writing US national senators and representatives .

Cite This Page

ProCon.org is the institutional or organization author for all ProCon.org pages. Proper citation depends on your preferred or required style manual. Below are the proper citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order): the Modern Language Association Style Manual (MLA), the Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago), the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA), and Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations (Turabian). Here are the proper bibliographic citations for this page according to four style manuals (in alphabetical order):

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The Edvocate

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Are you looking for debate topics for your middle and high school students? Well, you have come to the right place. Check out our list of 120 debate topics for middle and high school students.

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Winter 2012

Are you down with or done with homework.

By Lory Hough

Homework Policy Still Going Strong

The debate over how much schoolwork students should be doing at home has flared again, with one side saying it's too much, the other side saying in our competitive world, it's just not enough..

It was a move that doesn't happen very often in American public schools: The principal got rid of homework.

This past September, Stephanie Brant, principal of Gaithersburg Elementary School in Gaithersburg, Md., decided that instead of teachers sending kids home with math worksheets and spelling flash cards, students would instead go home and read. Every day for 30 minutes, more if they had time or the inclination, with parents or on their own.

"I knew this would be a big shift for my community," she says. But she also strongly believed it was a necessary one. Twenty-first-century learners, especially those in elementary school, need to think critically and understand their own learning — not spend night after night doing rote homework drills.

Brant's move may not be common, but she isn't alone in her questioning. The value of doing schoolwork at home has gone in and out of fashion in the United States among educators, policymakers, the media, and, more recently, parents. As far back as the late 1800s, with the rise of the Progressive Era, doctors such as Joseph Mayer Rice began pushing for a limit on what he called "mechanical homework," saying it caused childhood nervous conditions and eyestrain. Around that time, the then-influential Ladies Home Journal began publishing a series of anti-homework articles, stating that five hours of brain work a day was "the most we should ask of our children," and that homework was an intrusion on family life. In response, states like California passed laws abolishing homework for students under a certain age.

But, as is often the case with education, the tide eventually turned. After the Russians launched the Sputnik satellite in 1957, a space race emerged, and, writes Brian Gill in the journal Theory Into Practice, "The homework problem was reconceived as part of a national crisis; the U.S. was losing the Cold War because Russian children were smarter." Many earlier laws limiting homework were abolished, and the longterm trend toward less homework came to an end.

The debate re-emerged a decade later when parents of the late '60s and '70s argued that children should be free to play and explore — similar anti-homework wellness arguments echoed nearly a century earlier. By the early-1980s, however, the pendulum swung again with the publication of A Nation at Risk , which blamed poor education for a "rising tide of mediocrity." Students needed to work harder, the report said, and one way to do this was more homework.

For the most part, this pro-homework sentiment is still going strong today, in part because of mandatory testing and continued economic concerns about the nation's competitiveness. Many believe that today's students are falling behind their peers in places like Korea and Finland and are paying more attention to Angry Birds than to ancient Babylonia.

But there are also a growing number of Stephanie Brants out there, educators and parents who believe that students are stressed and missing out on valuable family time. Students, they say, particularly younger students who have seen a rise in the amount of take-home work and already put in a six- to nine-hour "work" day, need less, not more homework.

Who is right? Are students not working hard enough or is homework not working for them? Here's where the story gets a little tricky: It depends on whom you ask and what research you're looking at. As Cathy Vatterott, the author of Rethinking Homework , points out, "Homework has generated enough research so that a study can be found to support almost any position, as long as conflicting studies are ignored." Alfie Kohn, author of The Homework Myth and a strong believer in eliminating all homework, writes that, "The fact that there isn't anything close to unanimity among experts belies the widespread assumption that homework helps." At best, he says, homework shows only an association, not a causal relationship, with academic achievement. In other words, it's hard to tease out how homework is really affecting test scores and grades. Did one teacher give better homework than another? Was one teacher more effective in the classroom? Do certain students test better or just try harder?

"It is difficult to separate where the effect of classroom teaching ends," Vatterott writes, "and the effect of homework begins."

Putting research aside, however, much of the current debate over homework is focused less on how homework affects academic achievement and more on time. Parents in particular have been saying that the amount of time children spend in school, especially with afterschool programs, combined with the amount of homework given — as early as kindergarten — is leaving students with little time to run around, eat dinner with their families, or even get enough sleep.

Certainly, for some parents, homework is a way to stay connected to their children's learning. But for others, homework creates a tug-of-war between parents and children, says Liz Goodenough, M.A.T.'71, creator of a documentary called Where Do the Children Play?

"Ideally homework should be about taking something home, spending a few curious and interesting moments in which children might engage with parents, and then getting that project back to school — an organizational triumph," she says. "A nag-free activity could engage family time: Ask a parent about his or her own childhood. Interview siblings."

Instead, as the authors of The Case Against Homework write, "Homework overload is turning many of us into the types of parents we never wanted to be: nags, bribers, and taskmasters."

Leslie Butchko saw it happen a few years ago when her son started sixth grade in the Santa Monica-Malibu (Calif.) United School District. She remembers him getting two to four hours of homework a night, plus weekend and vacation projects. He was overwhelmed and struggled to finish assignments, especially on nights when he also had an extracurricular activity.

"Ultimately, we felt compelled to have Bobby quit karate — he's a black belt — to allow more time for homework," she says. And then, with all of their attention focused on Bobby's homework, she and her husband started sending their youngest to his room so that Bobby could focus. "One day, my younger son gave us 15-minute coupons as a present for us to use to send him to play in the back room. … It was then that we realized there had to be something wrong with the amount of homework we were facing."

Butchko joined forces with another mother who was having similar struggles and ultimately helped get the homework policy in her district changed, limiting homework on weekends and holidays, setting time guidelines for daily homework, and broadening the definition of homework to include projects and studying for tests. As she told the school board at one meeting when the policy was first being discussed, "In closing, I just want to say that I had more free time at Harvard Law School than my son has in middle school, and that is not in the best interests of our children."

One barrier that Butchko had to overcome initially was convincing many teachers and parents that more homework doesn't necessarily equal rigor.

"Most of the parents that were against the homework policy felt that students need a large quantity of homework to prepare them for the rigorous AP classes in high school and to get them into Harvard," she says.

Stephanie Conklin, Ed.M.'06, sees this at Another Course to College, the Boston pilot school where she teaches math. "When a student is not completing [his or her] homework, parents usually are frustrated by this and agree with me that homework is an important part of their child's learning," she says.

As Timothy Jarman, Ed.M.'10, a ninth-grade English teacher at Eugene Ashley High School in Wilmington, N.C., says, "Parents think it is strange when their children are not assigned a substantial amount of homework."

That's because, writes Vatterott, in her chapter, "The Cult(ure) of Homework," the concept of homework "has become so engrained in U.S. culture that the word homework is part of the common vernacular."

These days, nightly homework is a given in American schools, writes Kohn.

"Homework isn't limited to those occasions when it seems appropriate and important. Most teachers and administrators aren't saying, 'It may be useful to do this particular project at home,'" he writes. "Rather, the point of departure seems to be, 'We've decided ahead of time that children will have to do something every night (or several times a week). … This commitment to the idea of homework in the abstract is accepted by the overwhelming majority of schools — public and private, elementary and secondary."

Brant had to confront this when she cut homework at Gaithersburg Elementary.

"A lot of my parents have this idea that homework is part of life. This is what I had to do when I was young," she says, and so, too, will our kids. "So I had to shift their thinking." She did this slowly, first by asking her teachers last year to really think about what they were sending home. And this year, in addition to forming a parent advisory group around the issue, she also holds events to answer questions.

Still, not everyone is convinced that homework as a given is a bad thing. "Any pursuit of excellence, be it in sports, the arts, or academics, requires hard work. That our culture finds it okay for kids to spend hours a day in a sport but not equal time on academics is part of the problem," wrote one pro-homework parent on the blog for the documentary Race to Nowhere , which looks at the stress American students are under. "Homework has always been an issue for parents and children. It is now and it was 20 years ago. I think when people decide to have children that it is their responsibility to educate them," wrote another.

And part of educating them, some believe, is helping them develop skills they will eventually need in adulthood. "Homework can help students develop study skills that will be of value even after they leave school," reads a publication on the U.S. Department of Education website called Homework Tips for Parents. "It can teach them that learning takes place anywhere, not just in the classroom. … It can foster positive character traits such as independence and responsibility. Homework can teach children how to manage time."

Annie Brown, Ed.M.'01, feels this is particularly critical at less affluent schools like the ones she has worked at in Boston, Cambridge, Mass., and Los Angeles as a literacy coach.

"It feels important that my students do homework because they will ultimately be competing for college placement and jobs with students who have done homework and have developed a work ethic," she says. "Also it will get them ready for independently taking responsibility for their learning, which will need to happen for them to go to college."

The problem with this thinking, writes Vatterott, is that homework becomes a way to practice being a worker.

"Which begs the question," she writes. "Is our job as educators to produce learners or workers?"

Slate magazine editor Emily Bazelon, in a piece about homework, says this makes no sense for younger kids.

"Why should we think that practicing homework in first grade will make you better at doing it in middle school?" she writes. "Doesn't the opposite seem equally plausible: that it's counterproductive to ask children to sit down and work at night before they're developmentally ready because you'll just make them tired and cross?"

Kohn writes in the American School Board Journal that this "premature exposure" to practices like homework (and sit-and-listen lessons and tests) "are clearly a bad match for younger children and of questionable value at any age." He calls it BGUTI: Better Get Used to It. "The logic here is that we have to prepare you for the bad things that are going to be done to you later … by doing them to you now."

According to a recent University of Michigan study, daily homework for six- to eight-year-olds increased on average from about 8 minutes in 1981 to 22 minutes in 2003. A review of research by Duke University Professor Harris Cooper found that for elementary school students, "the average correlation between time spent on homework and achievement … hovered around zero."

So should homework be eliminated? Of course not, say many Ed School graduates who are teaching. Not only would students not have time for essays and long projects, but also teachers would not be able to get all students to grade level or to cover critical material, says Brett Pangburn, Ed.M.'06, a sixth-grade English teacher at Excel Academy Charter School in Boston. Still, he says, homework has to be relevant.

"Kids need to practice the skills being taught in class, especially where, like the kids I teach at Excel, they are behind and need to catch up," he says. "Our results at Excel have demonstrated that kids can catch up and view themselves as in control of their academic futures, but this requires hard work, and homework is a part of it."

Ed School Professor Howard Gardner basically agrees.

"America and Americans lurch between too little homework in many of our schools to an excess of homework in our most competitive environments — Li'l Abner vs. Tiger Mother," he says. "Neither approach makes sense. Homework should build on what happens in class, consolidating skills and helping students to answer new questions."

So how can schools come to a happy medium, a way that allows teachers to cover everything they need while not overwhelming students? Conklin says she often gives online math assignments that act as labs and students have two or three days to complete them, including some in-class time. Students at Pangburn's school have a 50-minute silent period during regular school hours where homework can be started, and where teachers pull individual or small groups of students aside for tutoring, often on that night's homework. Afterschool homework clubs can help.

Some schools and districts have adapted time limits rather than nix homework completely, with the 10-minute per grade rule being the standard — 10 minutes a night for first-graders, 30 minutes for third-graders, and so on. (This remedy, however, is often met with mixed results since not all students work at the same pace.) Other schools offer an extended day that allows teachers to cover more material in school, in turn requiring fewer take-home assignments. And for others, like Stephanie Brant's elementary school in Maryland, more reading with a few targeted project assignments has been the answer.

"The routine of reading is so much more important than the routine of homework," she says. "Let's have kids reflect. You can still have the routine and you can still have your workspace, but now it's for reading. I often say to parents, if we can put a man on the moon, we can put a man or woman on Mars and that person is now a second-grader. We don't know what skills that person will need. At the end of the day, we have to feel confident that we're giving them something they can use on Mars."

Read a January 2014 update.

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50 Best Debate Topics

A high school debate is both one of the most challenging and most exciting events in your education history. It’s exciting because a debate is one of the first time you get to experience the joy of persuading someone that your opinion is right. Plus, you also learn how to work in a team to achieve a common goal. However, a debate is also a challenging experience for a number of reasons, but most importantly, because a lot of the success of a school debate depends on the topic. If you have a debate coming up soon and need to pick a strong topic, here is a list of 50 debate topics that are guaranteed to generate a lively discussion.

How to Find the Right Topic for a Debate

Often those who have never participated in a debate before, think that there can be a strong debate on any topic in the world. However, if you’ve taken part in a debate even once, you know that only thought-provoking, universally interesting topics provide for a spectacular debate. The topic you select must provide participants with an opportunity to take two opposing sides while also giving the audience a chance to form an informed opinion on the matter.

It’s important to remember that the point of the debate is not only for one side to win thanks to the most persuasive argument, but also to educate the audience on a topic that will broaden their views. When choosing the topic for your next debate, keep in mind that the topic should benefit both the participants and the spectators of the debate.

At the same time, the debate topic shouldn’t be too provocative, controversial, or personal, because in that case the opposing sides risk escalating the discussion into a series of attacks on one another. In order to find just the right topic for your next debate, pay attention to the 5 following features:

There are numerous criteria for choosing a winning topic for a debate, but even if you feel like choosing the right topic is a lot of hard work, remember that it will definitely pay off. A correctly chosen debate topic will promote lively discussion and will bring all participants and listeners of the debate closer to the truth.

If you’re struggling with finding the strongest topic for your debate or argumentative essay, don’t worry – we have you covered. Here are 50 most powerful topics for a debate, organized by 5 most popular categories.

By the way, in case you need professional essay writing help our writers are here to help you 24/7. Don’t waste your time doing everything by yourself!

Science and Technology

Media and Entertainment

You can use these 50 debate topics verbatim or use them to develop your own topics that are better suited for your particular debate assignment. We believe these topics are thought-provoking and will provide a good basis for an educated, respectable debate.

50 Best Debate Topics for Students (Updated 2019)

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Special Topic / The Case For and Against Homework

The Case for Homework

The case against homework, the dangers of ignoring the research, grade level, time spent on homework, parent involvement, going beyond the research.

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Special Topic / The Case For and Against Homework - table

Two meta-analyses by Cooper and colleagues (Cooper, 1989a; Cooper, Robinson, & Patall, 2006) are the most comprehensive and rigorous. The 1989 meta-analysis reviewed research dating as far back as the 1930s; the 2006 study reviewed research from 1987 to 2003. Commenting on studies that attempted to examine the causal relationship between homework and student achievement by comparing experimental (homework) and control (no homework) groups, Cooper, Robinson, and Patall (2006) noted, With only rare exceptions, the relationship between the amount of homework students do and their achievement outcomes was found to be positive and statistically significant. Therefore, we think it would not be imprudent, based on the evidence in hand, to conclude that doing homework causes improved academic achievement. (p. 48)

In a third book, The Homework Myth: Why Our Kids Get Too Much of a Bad Thing (2006a), Kohn took direct aim at the research on homework. In this book and in a recent article in Phi Delta Kappan (2006b), he became quite personal in his condemnation of researchers. For example, referring to Harris Cooper, the lead author of the two leading meta-analyses on homework, Kohn noted, A careful reading of Cooper's own studies . . . reveals further examples of his determination to massage the numbers until they yield something—anything—on which to construct a defense of homework for younger children. (2006a, p. 84)He also attacked a section on homework in our book Classroom Instruction that Works (Marzano, Pickering, & Pollock, 2001).

The pattern clearly indicates that homework has smaller effects at lower grade levels. Even so, Cooper (1989b) still recommended homework for elementary students because homework for young children should help them develop good study habits, foster positive attitudes toward school, and communicate to students the idea that learning takes work at home as well as at school. (p. 90)

One of the more contentious issues in the homework debate is the amount of time students should spend on homework. The Cooper synthesis (1989a) reported that for junior high school students, the benefits increased as time increased, up to 1 to 2 hours of homework a night, and then decreased. The Cooper, Robinson, and Patall (2006) study reported similar findings: 7 to 12 hours of homework per week produced the largest effect size for 12th grade students. The researchers suggested that for 12th graders the optimum amount of homework might lie between 1.5 and 2.5 hours per night, but they cautioned that no hard-and-fast rules are warranted. Still, researchers have offered various recommendations. For example, Good and Brophy (2003) cautioned that teachers must take care not to assign too much homework. They suggested that homework must be realistic in length and difficulty given the students' abilities to work independently. Thus, 5 to 10 minutes per subject might be appropriate for 4th graders, whereas 30 to 60 minutes might be appropriate for college-bound high school students. (p. 394)

Cooper, Robinson, and Patall (2006) also issued a strong warning about too much homework: Even for these oldest students, too much homework may diminish its effectiveness or even become counterproductive. (p 53)

Good and Brophy (2003) provided the following recommendations regarding parent involvement: Especially useful for parent-child relations purposes are assignments calling for students to show or explain their written work or other products completed at school to their parents and get their reactions (Epstein, 2001; Epstein, Simon, & Salinas, 1997) or to interview their parents to develop information about parental experiences or opinions relating to topics studied in social studies (Alleman & Brophy, 1998). Such assignments cause students and their parents or other family members to become engaged in conversations that relate to the academic curriculum and thus extend the students' learning. Furthermore, because these are likely to be genuine conversations rather than more formally structured teaching/learning tasks, both parents and children are likely to experience them as enjoyable rather than threatening. (p. 395)

Riehl (2006) pointed out the similarity between education research and medical research. She commented, When reported in the popular media, medical research often appears as a blunt instrument, able to obliterate skeptics or opponents by the force of its evidence and arguments. . . . Yet repeated visits to the medical journals themselves can leave a much different impression. The serious medical journals convey the sense that medical research is an ongoing conversation and quest, punctuated occasionally by important findings that can and should alter practice, but more often characterized by continuing investigations. These investigations, taken cumulatively, can inform the work of practitioners who are building their own local knowledge bases on medical care. (pp. 27–28)

Research-Based Homework Guidelines

Assign purposeful homework. Legitimate purposes for homework include introducing new content, practicing a skill or process that students can do independently but not fluently, elaborating on information that has been addressed in class to deepen students' knowledge, and providing opportunities for students to explore topics of their own interest.

Design homework to maximize the chances that students will complete it. For example, ensure that homework is at the appropriate level of difficulty. Students should be able to complete homework assignments independently with relatively high success rates, but they should still find the assignments challenging enough to be interesting.

Involve parents in appropriate ways (for example, as a sounding board to help students summarize what they learned from the homework) without requiring parents to act as teachers or to police students' homework completion.

Carefully monitor the amount of homework assigned so that it is appropriate to students' age levels and does not take too much time away from other home activities.

Balli, S. J. (1998). When mom and dad help: Student reflections on parent involvement with homework. Journal of Research and Development in Education, 31 (3), 142–148.

Bangert-Drowns, R. L., Kulik, C. C., Kulik, J. A., & Morgan, M. (1991). The instructional effects of feedback in test-like events. Review of Educational Research, 61 (2), 213–238.

Bennett, S., & Kalish, N. (2006). The case against homework: How homework is hurting our children and what we can do about it . New York: Crown.

Bloom, B. S. (1984). The search for methods of group instruction as effective as one-to one tutoring. Educational Leadership, 41 (8), 4–18.

Cooper, H. (1989a). Homework . White Plains, NY: Longman.

Cooper, H. (1989b). Synthesis of research on homework. Educational Leadership, 47 (3), 85–91.

Cooper, H. (2007). The battle over homework (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does homework improve academic achievement? A synthesis of research, 1987–2003. Review of Educational Research, 76 (1), 1–62.

Corno, L. (1996). Homework is a complicated thing. Educational Researcher, 25 (8), 27–30.

Epstein, J. (2001). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools . Boulder, CO: Westview.

Epstein, J. L., & Becker, H. J. (1982). Teachers' reported practices of parent involvement: Problems and possibilities. Elementary School Journal, 83 , 103–113.

Fraser, B. J., Walberg, H. J., Welch, W. W., & Hattie, J. A. (1987). Synthesis of educational productivity research [Special issue]. International Journal of Educational Research, 11 (2), 145–252.

Gill, B. P., & Schlossman, S. L. (2000). The lost cause of homework reform. American Journal of Education, 109 , 27–62.

Good, T. L., & Brophy, J. E. (2003). Looking in classrooms (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Graue, M. E., Weinstein, T., & Walberg, H. J. (1983). School-based home instruction and learning: A quantitative synthesis. Journal of Educational Research, 76 , 351–360.

Hattie, J. A. (1992). Measuring the effects of schooling. Australian Journal of Education, 36 (1), 5–13.

Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., Bassler, O. C., & Burow, R. (1995). Parents' reported involvement in students' homework: Strategies and practices. The Elementary School Journal, 95 (5), 435–450.

Kavale, K. A. (1988). Using meta-analyses to answer the question: What are the important influences on school learning? School Psychology Review, 17 (4), 644–650.

Kohn, A. (2006a). The homework myth: Why our kids get too much of a bad thing . Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.

Kohn, A. (2006b). Abusing research: The study of homework and other examples. Phi Delta Kappan. 88 (1), 9–22.

Kralovec, E., & Buell, J. (2000). The end of homework: How homework disrupts families, overburdens children, and limits learning . Boston: Beacon.

Marzano, R. J., & Pickering, D. J. (2007). Response to Kohn's allegations . Centennial, CO: Marzano & Associates. Available: http://marzanoandassociates.com/documents/KohnResponse.pdf

Marzano, R. J., & Pickering, D. J. (in press). Errors and allegations about research on homework. Phi Delta Kappan .

Marzano, R. J., Pickering, D. J., & Pollock, J. E. (2001). Classroom instruction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement . Alexandria, VA: ASCD.

National Education Commission on Time and Learning (1994). Prisoners of time . Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Paschal, R. A., Weinstein, T., & Walberg, H. J. (1984). The effects of homework on learning: A quantitative synthesis. Journal of Educational Research, 78 , 97–104.

Perkins, P. G., & Milgram, R. B. (1996). Parental involvement in homework: A double-edge sword. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 6 (3), 195–203.

Riehl, C. (2006). Feeling better: A comparison of medical research and education research. Educational Researcher, 35 (5), 24–29.

Van Voorhis, F. (2003). Interactive homework in middle school: Effects on family involvement and science achievement. Journal of Educational Research, 96 , 323–338.

Walberg, H. J. (1999). Productive teaching. In H. C. Waxman & H. J. Walberg (Eds.), New directions for teaching practice research (pp. 75–104). Berkeley, CA: McCutchen.

Wallis, C. (2006). Viewpoint: The myth about homework. Time, 168 (10), 57.

• 1 For a more detailed response to Kohn's views on homework, see Marzano & Pickering (2007) and Marzano & Pickering (in press).

Robert Marzano is the CEO of Marzano Research Laboratory in Centennial, CO, which provides research-based, partner-centered support for educators and education agencies—with the goal of helping teachers improve educational practice.

As strategic advisor, Robert brings over 50 years of experience in action-based education research, professional development, and curriculum design to Marzano Research. He has expertise in standards-based assessment, cognition, school leadership, and competency-based education, among a host of areas.

He is the author of 30 books, 150 articles and chapters in books, and 100 sets of curriculum materials for teachers and students in grades K–12.

The late Debra J. Pickering consulted with schools and districts nationally and internationally as vice president of field services for Marzano Research Laboratory. She passed away in 2020.

In addition to her work with schools, Pickering coauthored (with Robert Marzano) educational books and manuals, including Dimensions of Learning , Classroom Instruction That Works , Classroom Management That Works , and Building Academic Vocabulary .

With a combination of theoretical grounding and more than three decades of practical experience, Pickering worked with educators to translate theory into practice. In later years her work continued to focus on the study of learning and the development of resources for curriculum, instruction, and assessment to help all educators meet the needs of all students.

Pickering had a master's degree in school administration and a doctorate in curriculum and instruction, with an emphasis in cognitive psychology.

ASCD is a community dedicated to educators' professional growth and well-being.

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Homework debate questions workload on students

With school back in session, children are bound to be coming home with homework, but how much is too much?

It’s a debate that's going national, with one elementary school teacher in Texas sending notes home to parents that there will be no homework for the entire year.

Shoaf Camp of KCK said she homeschools her three elementary school-aged children so that she can control the amount of homework they are given each night.

"I do have friends who have to sit there for three hours at night doing homework. I think that is a little much when you are at school all day as well," said Camp.

Andrea Flinders, president of Kansas City's Teachers Union, said too much homework can be overwhelming for students and parents, but said no homework is not the solution.

Flinders said homework can help reinforce what children learn during the day at school, and it gives teachers an idea of what their classroom is retaining.

“I think there has to be a balance between the amount of homework given to a child and their age and that they still have time to do after school activities, to you know have a life," said Flinders.

The Kansas City Kansas School District told 41 Action News it doesn't have a policy set in place, but the district believes in giving homework that compliments students' lives.

"I think the kind of homework that I definitely embrace is where it can help us as a family understand what is going on in the classroom and making sure we can help our kid,” said father of two Andrew Jonson.

Ali Hoxie can be reached at [email protected]

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School Life Balance , Tips for Online Students

The Pros and Cons of Homework

The-Pros-and-Cons-Should-Students-Have-Homework

Homework is a word that most students dread hearing. After hours upon hours of sitting in class , the last thing we want is more schoolwork over our precious weekends. While it’s known to be a staple of traditional schooling, homework has also become a rather divise topic. Some feel as though homework is a necessary part of school, while others believe that the time could be better invested. Should students have homework? Have a closer look into the arguments on both sides to decide for yourself.

A college student completely swamped with homework.

Photo by energepic.com from Pexels

Why should students have homework, 1. homework encourages practice.

Many people believe that one of the positive effects of homework is that it encourages the discipline of practice. While it may be time consuming and boring compared to other activities, repetition is needed to get better at skills. Homework helps make concepts more clear, and gives students more opportunities when starting their career .

2. Homework Gets Parents Involved

Homework can be something that gets parents involved in their children’s lives if the environment is a healthy one. A parent helping their child with homework makes them take part in their academic success, and allows for the parent to keep up with what the child is doing in school. It can also be a chance to connect together.

3. Homework Teaches Time Management

Homework is much more than just completing the assigned tasks. Homework can develop time management skills , forcing students to plan their time and make sure that all of their homework assignments are done on time. By learning to manage their time, students also practice their problem-solving skills and independent thinking. One of the positive effects of homework is that it forces decision making and compromises to be made.

4. Homework Opens A Bridge Of Communication

Homework creates a connection between the student, the teacher, the school, and the parents. It allows everyone to get to know each other better, and parents can see where their children are struggling. In the same sense, parents can also see where their children are excelling. Homework in turn can allow for a better, more targeted educational plan for the student.

5. Homework Allows For More Learning Time

Homework allows for more time to complete the learning process. School hours are not always enough time for students to really understand core concepts, and homework can counter the effects of time shortages, benefiting students in the long run, even if they can’t see it in the moment.

6. Homework Reduces Screen Time

Many students in North America spend far too many hours watching TV. If they weren’t in school, these numbers would likely increase even more. Although homework is usually undesired, it encourages better study habits and discourages spending time in front of the TV. Homework can be seen as another extracurricular activity, and many families already invest a lot of time and money in different clubs and lessons to fill up their children’s extra time. Just like extracurricular activities, homework can be fit into one’s schedule.

A female student who doesn’t want to do homework.

The Other Side: Why Homework Is Bad

1. homework encourages a sedentary lifestyle.

Should students have homework? Well, that depends on where you stand. There are arguments both for the advantages and the disadvantages of homework.

While classroom time is important, playground time is just as important. If children are given too much homework, they won’t have enough playtime, which can impact their social development and learning. Studies have found that those who get more play get better grades in school , as it can help them pay closer attention in the classroom.

Children are already sitting long hours in the classroom, and homework assignments only add to these hours. Sedentary lifestyles can be dangerous and can cause health problems such as obesity. Homework takes away from time that could be spent investing in physical activity.

2. Homework Isn’t Healthy In Every Home

While many people that think homes are a beneficial environment for children to learn, not all homes provide a healthy environment, and there may be very little investment from parents. Some parents do not provide any kind of support or homework help, and even if they would like to, due to personal barriers, they sometimes cannot. Homework can create friction between children and their parents, which is one of the reasons why homework is bad .

3. Homework Adds To An Already Full-Time Job

School is already a full-time job for students, as they generally spend over 6 hours each day in class. Students also often have extracurricular activities such as sports, music, or art that are just as important as their traditional courses. Adding on extra hours to all of these demands is a lot for children to manage, and prevents students from having extra time to themselves for a variety of creative endeavors. Homework prevents self discovery and having the time to learn new skills outside of the school system. This is one of the main disadvantages of homework.

4. Homework Has Not Been Proven To Provide Results

Endless surveys have found that homework creates a negative attitude towards school, and homework has not been found to be linked to a higher level of academic success.

The positive effects of homework have not been backed up enough. While homework may help some students improve in specific subjects, if they have outside help there is no real proof that homework makes for improvements.

It can be a challenge to really enforce the completion of homework, and students can still get decent grades without doing their homework. Extra school time does not necessarily mean better grades — quality must always come before quantity.

Accurate practice when it comes to homework simply isn’t reliable. Homework could even cause opposite effects if misunderstood, especially since the reliance is placed on the student and their parents — one of the major reasons as to why homework is bad. Many students would rather cheat in class to avoid doing their homework at home, and children often just copy off of each other or from what they read on the internet.

5. Homework Assignments Are Overdone

The general agreement is that students should not be given more than 10 minutes a day per grade level. What this means is that a first grader should be given a maximum of 10 minutes of homework, while a second grader receives 20 minutes, etc. Many students are given a lot more homework than the recommended amount, however.

On average, college students spend as much as 3 hours per night on homework . By giving too much homework, it can increase stress levels and lead to burn out. This in turn provides an opposite effect when it comes to academic success.

The pros and cons of homework are both valid, and it seems as though the question of ‘‘should students have homework?’ is not a simple, straightforward one. Parents and teachers often are found to be clashing heads, while the student is left in the middle without much say.

It’s important to understand all the advantages and disadvantages of homework, taking both perspectives into conversation to find a common ground. At the end of the day, everyone’s goal is the success of the student.

Privacy overview.

101 Topics to Launch a Good Debate

Debate essay topics are rooted deep into human nature, which is important to understand for college students. We learn to debate early as children who like to ask countless questions. They drive poor parents crazy with our opinions and failure to understand why something is not the way we think and believe it is. Debating helps people to learn how to differentiate right from wrong and show an opinion on important social or educational matters, as an example.

As a way to help you, I came up with a collection of the different debate topics divided by subject. You can find anything from debate topics for school children and funny debate ideas to controversial, business, and sports topics!

Contents (Clickable)

Before You Start: Here are Some Debate Essays You Can Check Out!

Before we proceed to 100+ evolution essay topics, I want you to check out five actual debate essays on the different topics. These are actual works done by the college students with correct structure, academic format, and all the required information. Sometimes it helps to see an actual essay to get an idea of how it has to be done. Just check out these essay examples before we have fun with all the topics:

Debate Topics for Kids

As a school student, you have to learn how to launch a good debate. Even if it may sound annoying to you, think of it as of an exciting game where you can and actually should talk back to your opponents! Here are some interesting ideas for you:

Just in case you need even more debate topics for and about children, you can find more good debate topics for kids here .

Debate Topics for High School Learners and College Students

Here we focus on debate topics that suit high-school students and college students:

Are you the only one who struggles with homework? Read This if You Need Tips on Doing Your Homework.

Debate Topics for English Learners

I’m sure that most English students will enjoy debating on these particular topics:

Have an essay due? Need to write a college essay? Let Homework Lab help you with your task:

Help With My Essay

Most Controversial Debate Topics

Without a doubt, the most interesting debate topics are most controversial! Just try your talent to persuade people by debating on one of the following topic examples:

Just remember that when you choose a controversial topic for your debate, it should still be unbiased and sincere. Try to show some care even if your opinion differs and learn to listen to what your opponents may have to say. If some topic is not your cup of tea (or coffee!), avoid it at all costs and let your opponent know that some issues are what you would rather avoid. After all, respect is half of a good debate’s success! Yet, if you want to challenge yourself, even more, there are dozens more controversial topic examples here .

Funny Debate Topics

Now is the time to break down some tension that I can feel in you, so let’s have some fun with the topics! Just imagine debating on these topics:

Did you like the idea? You can find even more funny debate topics here .

Public Forum Debate Topics

Okay, getting serious here! Time to choose among these pretty serious public forum debate topics:

Sports Debate Topic

Consider public forum topics to be overly harsh and complicated? Are you an athlete who wants to talk about one of his or her passions? Let us examine some of these sports debate topics:

Even more sports debate topics for your inspiration can be found here .

History Debate Topics

Many people like to debate on historical topics. Keeping the fact in mind, I came up with a list of challenging debate topics that you can freely discuss as a college or a high school student.

This list of the most interesting history topics will help you receive a good starting point and continue with your own ideas!

Business Debate Topics

Without a doubt, it is not possible to imagine modern life without debates related to business. The hot business ideas can be found below:

Just in case your business topics hunger is still there, check out even more hot business ideas here .

Best Debate Topics in 2018:

As a conclusion, here is a list of the hottest debate topics for 2018 that have generated the most interest among search queries and the questions we have received from high-school and the college students. Here they are:

…And the last, 101st debate topic for your consideration: “Does online tutoring enhance your academic performance?” Hopefully, your answer is an unconditionally affirmative! If you are still unsure, just add your task below and see how it works in practice!

A totally safe, fast, convenient, and confidential online student-collaboration platform where you can turn with both new and already existing (half-finished) tasks that you want to get polished. Imagine entering a debate with a professional in your future major to get your future paper finished and delivered just in time. The possibilities are endless just like the topic ideas for debates!

I hope that my guide has helped you to choose a compelling topic for debates. If not, you can always ask for help, and our specialists will help you to choose a topic according to your future major and true passions!

There are too many pop culture topics — sometimes they become blurry

The great homework debate

by: Christina Tynan-Wood | Updated: October 16, 2018

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Your first grader is in the middle of a tea party with six of her stuffed animals. It seems to be going well, despite a recent argument between the stuffed giraffe and his zebra stepbrother. You are enjoying eavesdropping on the dialogue as you clean up the dinner dishes, but it’s time for homework. You dutifully get your child set up at her study spot and redirect her attention to a worksheet of math facts. “I hate homework!” she wails , after an hour of struggle and avoidance. Exhausted and frustrated, you are inclined to agree with her .

Your child is not the only one howling about this nightly ritual. The debate over homework has been going on for decades, with the pendulum swinging back and forth between more and less homework for American students. Adding new fuel to the debate is that today’s kids are getting more homework in earlier grades. “The amount of homework that younger kids – ages 6 to 9 – have to do has gone up astronomically since the late ’80s,” says Alfie Kohn, author of the 2006 book The Homework Myth: Why Our Kids Get Too Much of a Bad Thing .

Homework detractors point to research that shows homework has no demonstrated benefits for students in the early elementary grades. They say younger students are not developmentally ready to learn the time management and work habits that nightly homework is assumed to teach, and that having grades depend on homework penalizes low-income students who may not have the resources at home to support nightly study sessions. On the pro-homework side are educators and parents who say that homework is necessary for reinforcing the lessons learned during the school day and that doing homework prepares kids for the work they’ll have in middle school, high school, and college.

Too young for nightly homework

Kohn falls solidly in the no-homework camp. He argues that homework in the elementary school years is more likely to drive students away from learning than to improve academic outcomes. What’s more, he says, time spent on homework is time not spent doing important activities like play, rest, and family time. He’s not alone in his view.

“The research clearly shows that there is no correlation between academic achievement and homework, especially in the lower grades,” says Denise Pope, senior lecturer at the Stanford University Graduate School of Education and the author of the 2015 book, Overloaded and Underprepared: Strategies for Stronger Schools and Healthy Successful Kids .

“Homework only really helps in high school,” agrees Heather Shumaker, author of It’s OK to Go Up the Slide . “In elementary school, there is no evidence that it has academic benefit. And yet, we are piling it on more and more, younger and younger.”

Some elementary schools have made headlines in recent years by announcing no-homework policies. Gaithersburg Elementary School in Maryland issued a ban on homework in 2012, asking students to read at home each evening instead. Last year, the principal of New York elementary school P.S. 116 sent home a letter to parents explaining why students would not be assigned any homework.

But it’s not clear how widespread the trend is. “We tried to study what school districts have homework policies. But there are thousands of school districts in the U.S. It is very difficult to know what schools are doing,” says Gerald Le Tendre, Head of Education Policy Studies at Pennsylvania State University and co-author of Promoting and Sustaining a Quality Teacher Workforce .

The pro-homework camp

Parents are among the most vocal detractors of banning or reducing homework in the elementary school grades. “Some teachers would like to not give homework,” says Shumaker. “But they are pressured to do it by either by administrators or parents. Parents want what is best for their kids. And many of them think having homework is it.”

Le Tendre agrees. “The amount of homework gets equated with some sort of academic rigor,” he explains. “Though I have seen nothing to support that idea.” But that doesn’t mean that all work done at home is bad. “If you have a highly motivated kid who loves mathematics and loves spending hours every night on Kahn Academy, they can get substantial benefit from doing homework,” says Le Tendre.

Studies show that homework has positive effects for certain students under certain conditions. For example, students with learning disabilities can benefit from homework if they have the support they need to complete it. Middle and high school students benefit from doing homework, though high school students get more benefit more than middle schoolers, and more homework definitely isn’t better — too much homework (more than about an hour and a half a night for middle schoolers and more than two and a half hours for high schoolers) has been shown to negatively affect academic performance.

And if the assigned homework is to spend time reading for pleasure, no one is likely to argue with that. “One thing we know does have a correlation with academic achievement is free reading time,” says Pope. “We know that that is something we want schools to encourage.”

In praise of purposeful homework

Points and counterpoints aside, elementary school homework is probably not going to disappear any time soon. But that doesn’t mean that your child should struggle with those worksheets beyond a reasonable amount of time. The National PTA’s research-based recommendation is ten to twenty minutes of homework a night in first grade and an additional ten minutes per grade level thereafter. If your child’s homework takes longer than that, tell their teacher. (The teacher can’t know that homework is a tear-filled, hours-long event that is making your child dread school if you don’t tell her.) Work with the teacher to make sure that the homework your child receives is appropriate for them. Homework should be challenging enough to be thought-provoking, rather than just busy work, and your child should be able to complete it independently and successfully most of the time.

Make sure you understand the teacher’s goal for assigning homework. Is the purpose of a particular assignment to review a concept covered in class? Get extra practice at a skill your child is working on mastering? Explore a topic further, according to your child’s interest? When homework is purposeful and assigned in an amount and at a difficulty level that is appropriate for your child, it will likely be easier to incorporate into your home life — and less likely to negatively affect your child’s attitude toward school.

And happily, if your child’s homework is to read for pleasure, you won’t have to ask her to put away her toys and sit down to a worksheet. Ask her to read a story to her friends while they have tea instead. Everyone will be happier.

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TO GIVE OR NOT TO GIVE HOMEWORK…That is the question!

The amount of homework students are given differs greatly across grade levels and states. Some students are given hours of work while other students are assigned little or no work to be done at home.

So what’s appropriate? What is the purpose of homework? What are the advantages and disadvantages of homework? How much homework should be assigned? How important is the quality of the assignments? And most importantly: Does homework increase student achievement?

These questions represent the ongoing debate surrounding homework for the past two decades. According to a survey by the University of Michigan , homework has doubled over the last twenty years, especially in the younger grades, due to the school’s requirement to meet higher-than-ever achievement goals for children. Although homework has academic and non-academic advantages and disadvantages, the majority of studies conducted reveal inconclusive evidence that assigning homework increases student achievement. Most studies show positive effects for certain students, others suggest no effects, and some even suggest negative effects according to research by Alfie Kohn , an independent scholar (2006).

Let’s begin with the purpose of homework…

Educators assign homework for different reasons and purposes. Homework is assigned either as practice , preparation , extension , or integration of grade-level skills and concepts.

PRACTICE HOMEWORK reinforces learning from the skills and concepts already taught in the classroom. Practice homework promotes retention and automaticity of the concept , skill, and content taught. Examples include practicing multiplication facts or writing simple sentences in order to commit theses skills and concepts to long-term memory .

PREPARATION HOMEWORK is assigned to introduce content that will be addressed in future lessons. However, research suggests that homework is less effective if it is used to teach new or complex skills. For these types of assignments, students typically become stressed which can create a negative perspective towards learning and school.

EXTENSION HOMEWORK requires students to use previously taught skills and concepts and apply them to new situations or projects. For instance, students may use the concept of area and perimeter to build a flowerbed.

INTEGRATION HOMEWORK requires the student to apply learned skills and concepts to produce a single project like reading a book and writing a report on it.

Homework also serves other purposes not directly related to instruction. Homework can help establish communication between parents and children; it can be used as a form of discipline; and it can inform parents about school topics and activities.

The Homework Debate

The homework debate often focuses on how and why homework affects student learning and achievement. Harris Cooper, a professor of psychology, and colleagues (2006) found there are both positive and negative consequences of homework.

The Benefits

Homework provides practice with content, concepts, and skills taught at school by the teacher. It can foster retention and understanding of the academic content. Some studies suggest that homework correlates with student achievement. Cooper, Robinson, and Patall (2006) discovered a positive correlation between the amount of the homework students do and their achievement at the secondary level. Some studies also suggest that assigning homework improves the achievement of low-performing students and students in low-performing schools. However, the correlation between student achievement and homework given to elementary students is inconclusive. Most research only supports homework for middle and high school students (Cooper 1989a; Kohn 2006).

There are also non-academic reasons for assigning homework. Corno and Xu (2004) discovered that homework fosters independence, develops time-management skills, and teaches responsibility. Assigning homework to primary age students can establish better study habits and skills for secondary education (Bempechat, 2004). Homework promotes a positive attitude towards school and keeps families informed about their child’s learning.

The Potential Harm

Homework also has negative associations. It can lead to boredom if the student has already mastered the skills, and it can lead to loss of interest in school due to burnout. Cheating is involved with homework by either copying another student’s work or when help is received from adults in an attempt to finish all the assignments. Also, assigning excessive amounts of homework may result in unneeded stress and pressure on the child, which affects the student’s emotions, behaviors, thinking ability, and physical health.

The correlation between homework and student achievement is inconsistent. In The Battle Over Homework , Cooper determined that the average correlation between the time primary children spent on homework and achievement was around zero. Not to mention, the amount of homework completed had no effect on test scores. David Baker and Gerald LeTendre, professors of education at Penn State , found that countries that assign minimal amounts of homework, like Japan, were the most successful school systems compared to Greece and Iran school systems where students are given a lot of work.

Another concern surrounding homework is its interference with the student’s time to relax and take their minds off work as well as family time. Students are spending too much time completing homework assignments instead of playing outside or enjoying leisure activities, which teach and enhance important life skills.

In addition, homework decreases the time spent with family. As Alfie Kohn states in The Homework Myth , “ Why should children be asked to work a second shift? It’s unconscionable to send children to work for nearly eight hours a day, then have them go home and work for 2-5 more hours. Secondly, it reduces the amount of time that children could be spending with their families. Family time is especially important to a growing child and without it social problems can crop up and a family unit can be compromised by a lack of time being spent together .”

The Amount of Homework

The frequency and duration of each assignment does not necessarily suggest a correlation between homework and student achievement. “ We found that for kids in elementary school there was hardly any relationship between how much homework young children did and how well they were doing in school, but in middle school the relationship is positive and increases until the kids were doing between an hour to two hours a night, which is right where the 10-minute rule says it’s going to be optimal,” stated Harris Cooper. The 10-minute rule was created by the National PTA which suggests 10 minutes per a grade should be assigned (e.g., 70 minutes for 7 th grade). “After that it didn’t go up anymore. Kids that reported doing more than two hours of homework in middle school weren’t doing any better in school than kids who were doing between an hour to two hours ,” said Harris Cooper.

Quantity Versus Quality

Effective homework is homework with a purpose. According to Cooper, some teachers assign ‘shotgun homework’ : blanket drills, questions, and problems. Students are given homework that is not furthering the concepts and skills. The homework is assigned because it has been drilled into our collective mind that homework produces higher performing students. However, homework is most effective when it covers material already taught, is given for review, or is used to reinforce skills previously learned. Students should not be assigned homework on concepts and skills they do not grasp.

DataWORKS Educational Research recommends assigning homework to provide additional repetitions of the content to promote retention and automaticity . The reason for homework is to practice the content, NOT to learn the content. Students learn the content (skills and concepts) from the lesson taught at school. Students need to be able to complete the work at home without assistance because some students do not have an English-speaking parents or guardians to help them.

In conclusion, research is inconsistent in determining if homework increases student achievement. As educators, the amount, frequency, and the purpose should be considered prior to assigning homework. Homework should be used effectively! Instead of the quantity of homework, educators should improve the quality of the assignments. Homework assignments must be well-designed. So, when assigning homework, please consider the effectiveness of it, homework should positively impact the student learning. Otherwise, the debate about homework will continue without an answer – to give or not to give !

Kohn, Alfie (2007). Rethinking Homework .

Kohn, Alfie. The Homework Myth: Why Our Kids Get Too Much of a Bad Thing (Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2006).

Cooper, H. (1989). Homework. White Plains, NY: Longman.

Cooper, H., Robinson, J. C., & Patall, E. A. (2006). Does homework improve academic achievement? A synthesis of research . 1987–2003. Review of Educational Research, 76 (1), 1–62.

What is your stance on homework? What do you think is an appropriate amount of homework? Why do you assign homework? Please share your experiences in the comment section below.

Author: Patricia Bogdanovich

Patricia has held various positions with DataWORKS since 2002. She currently works as a Curriculum Specialist. Patricia helped develop and create many of the early resources and workshops designed by DataWORKS, and she is an expert in analysis of standards. Patricia plans to blog about curriculum and assessments for CCSS and NGSS, classroom strategies, and news and research from the world of education.

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The learning network | our 100 most popular student questions for debate and persuasive writing.

Our 100 Most Popular Student Questions for Debate and Persuasive Writing

<a href="//learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/19/should-parents-let-their-sons-play-football/">Should parents let their children play football?<br /></a>

Updated, March 2, 2017 | We have two related question lists, “401 Prompts for Argumentative Writing” and “650 Prompts for Narrative and Personal Writing.”

In anticipation of our third annual Student Editorial Contest (to be announced on Feb. 25), we’ve done the math, and below you’ll find the 100 most-commented-upon questions we’ve ever asked that call for persuasive writing.

Many of them are, of course, on topics teenagers care about — technology, video games, sports and gender issues. Others are classic debate issues like government regulation and gun violence.

But, perhaps unsurprisingly, the broad topic that seems to engage students the most? School — from questions about homework to cheating, bad report cards, bullying and gym class.

So skim the list and pick issues that interest you. Each question is linked to a related Times article, which you can access free, and includes additional subquestions to help you flesh out your ideas.

Capt. Emily Naslund on patrol in Marja, Afghanistan, in 2010. The Pentagon has since opened all combat jobs to women in the military. <a href="//learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/24/should-women-be-allowed-to-fight-on-the-front-lines-alongside-men/">Related Student Opinion Question</a>

Prom-goers in Michigan in 2012. <a href="//learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/02/is-prom-worth-it/">Related Student Opinion Question</a>

<a href="//learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/09/10/when-is-the-use-of-military-force-justified/">Related Student Opinion Question</a>

Posters on a wall on Tompkins Avenue in Bedford-Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, try to make the point that some comments to women aren’t welcome. <a href="//learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/03/05/is-it-o-k-for-men-and-boys-to-comment-on-women-and-girls-on-the-street/">Related Student Opinion Question</a>

As a bonus, here are several more popular questions that we published since last year’s editorial contest that didn’t make the list:

Not enough? We’ve also previously published a list of 301 prompts for argumentative writing , organized by topic.

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Is homework a good idea or not?

Going to school - means lessons, assembly, seeing your friends and - for a lot of you - time to do homework!

While giving homework to pupils in secondary schools is generally seen as a good idea, some don't think that kids in primary schools should have to do it.

For the last 100 years or so, experts have been trying to work out if it is beneficial to give homework to kids in primary schools.

In the UK, the government says it's up to the head teacher to decide whether or not their school will set extra work like this.

Find out more about both sides of the argument with Newsround's guide, and then let us know what you think of doing homework when you're in primary school.

What is homework?

Homework generally means work that is set by teachers for you to do outside of your normal school hours.

When you're younger, your parents might help you to do it.

But as you get older, you will generally take more responsibility for doing your homework on your own.

Professor Sue Hallam from the Institute of Education - who is one of the most experienced researchers into homework in the UK - says that in 1997, just over 6 in every 10 primary schools made their pupils do homework.

Just two years later, this had risen to around nine in ten primary schools and the majority still set homework now.

Why do people think homework is a good idea?

Many think that giving homework to primary school children is an important part of their learning.

They believe it helps them to practice what that they have learnt in lessons, in order to get better at things like spelling and handwriting.

They say it helps to teach children how to work on their own and be disciplined with themselves - both skills that are useful later in life.

It can also allow parents or guardians to get involved in their children's learning.

To find out more about why people think homework is a good idea, Jenny spoke to Chris from the campaign for Real Education, which is a group of teachers and parents who care about how well schools are doing.

Members of the organisation believe that traditional homework is important.

Chris told Newsround: "If you like learning, homework helps to support your learning. It's really important to go back afterwards and think about what you're learning in class. Practice makes perfect."

"In parts of the world, children are doing much better in school than children in the UK. In most cases, they are doing much more homework.

"That doesn't mean you should be doing home work all the time.

"But a little bit of homework to support what you're doing in the classroom, involving your parents and guardians, is really good because it allows you to do as well as everybody else in the world."

Chris added that it is important to have a balance between homework and other activities.

"Homework shouldn't be overdone. Let's do some homework and some play."

Why do people think homework is a bad idea?

Some people think that giving homework to children at primary school is not necessary.

They think it puts too much pressure on them and that the time spent doing homework could be used to do other activities.

Jenny also spoke to Nansi Ellis - assistant general secretary of one of the biggest teacher's unions in England, made up of teachers and heads - who doesn't believe that giving homework to primary school children is needed.

She told Newsround: "There is other good stuff you can do at home, like reading, playing sport or a musical instrument, or helping with the cooking, shopping or with your siblings. You might be a Guide or a Scout.

"Those things are really helpful for you to learn to work in a team, to learn to be creative, to ask questions and to help other people. These are really important skills.

"The trouble with homework is that it gets in the way of all of those good things that you could be doing and it doesn't necessarily help you with your school work."

Sometimes parents or guardians try to help with homework and, if they have been taught differently, it can end up being confusing for the child doing the homework. They can also end up doing too much of the work themselves!

Nansi added: "Some children live in really busy houses with lots of people coming and going, and they don't have a quiet space to do homework, so they can't use it to help them to get better at studying on their own, which doesn't seem fair.

"Teachers set homework for you to get better at your learning - that seems like a really good reason. But actually, the evidence isn't clear that even that's true."

Another expert Rosamund McNeil, from a teachers' organisation called the NUT, said: "Pupils in Finland are assigned very little homework yet they remain one of the most educationally successful countries in the world."

Why is this issue being talked about?

People have been trying to find out if homework is a good thing or a bad thing for many years.

Recently, a report was done by an organisation called the Teaching Schools Council, which works with the government and schools in England.

It says: "Homework [in primary schools] should have a clear purpose."

The report explains that if there isn't a clear reason for the homework and the pupils won't necessarily gain something from doing it, then it should not be set.

Dame Reena Keeble, an ex-primary school head teacher who led the report, told Newsround: "What we are saying in our report is that if schools are setting homework for you, they need to explain to you - and your mums and dads - why they're setting it, and your teachers need to let you know how you've done in your homework.

"We found homework can really help with your learning, as long as your school makes sure that what you're doing for your homework is making a difference."

So is homework a good idea or a bad idea?

Many people have different opinions. However, the truth is it's hard to know.

Professor Hallam explains that part of the problem is that it is difficult to accurately work out how useful homework is.

Generally, people agree that homework is good idea for children in secondary school.

But for primary school, it isn't clear if there's a right or wrong answer to this question.

And you've been having your say too.

Nearly 900 of you took part in an online vote about the amount of homework you get: whether it is not enough, just right or too much.

It's just a quick snapshot of what some of you think. Here's the results:

More like this

The Homework Debate: How would you change homework?

Do you think you get set too much homework?

Should homework be done at school?

Ending the Homework Debate: Expert Advice on What Works

After exploring the case against homework as well as the ways homework benefits students , it’s clear that both sides have valid arguments. After examining the evidence, we’ve come up with recommendations for both teachers and parents for homework that contributes to students’ academic growth.

What kind of homework is beneficial?

While some research points to homework increasing test scores, what researchers, parents, teachers, and even students want is homework that deepens content knowledge and thus understanding, critical thinking, and the ability of students to bring those to the classroom.

Homework must focus on quality, not quantity

In the research journal article “When is Homework Worth the Time?”, co-author Robert H. Tai summarizes the analysis of 18,000 tenth-grade transcripts by saying, “The results of this study imply that homework should be purposeful, and that the purpose must be understood by both the teacher and the students.” The authors determined that in order to be worthwhile, homework should meet the following criteria:

The study concluded with a call for further research in order to pinpoint the most effective type of homework.

Homework should meet the needs of each student

Another important factor in homework quality has to do with the needs of the recipients. Professor Gerald LeTendre discussed this in Penn State University’s article “Is Homework Bad for Kids?”, saying that young children do not benefit from homework as much as older students, because they lack the awareness and reflection required for good study habits.

Additionally, LeTendre points out that homework must address a child’s “actual academic problem.” In order to discuss these individual academic problems, differentiation, a key term in classroom management, must also be used in out-of-classroom work. LeTendre suggests that homework should be assigned at the individual level and reviewed with the student regularly to ensure its effectiveness.

One differentiation strategy: Flipped classrooms

Of course, differentiated homework leads to questions of fairness and the very real problem of teachers’ time. With increasingly large class sizes, creating individual homework plans for every student could be an insurmountable task. One alternative to such problems is the flipped classroom, where students engage the lecture material outside of the classroom and then classroom time is dedicated to what would have been homework under the traditional setup. Teachers are then free to allow students to work in groups or individually, visiting each group and testing their mastery along the way.

Skills developed through effective homework: Spaced repetition, retrieval practice, desirable difficulties, deliberate practice

Changing the entire functionality of the course isn’t necessary, though, if instructors remember key features of effective homework as identified by the emerging field of Mind, Brain, and Education, says Annie Murphy Paul. In the article “How Can We Make Homework Worthwhile?”, Paul identifies important characteristics such as spaced repetition, retrieval practice, and desirable difficulties.

Spaced repetition

Spaced repetition covers and revisits material over time in ways that traditional homework has not, revisiting material that has been covered in the recent and distant past to reinforce a student’s knowledge base.

Retrieval practice

Retrieval practice can lead to interesting assignments like the role-playing homework described in “How to Create Effective Homework,” in which students adopted a historical persona. Their drive to maintain their character extended into their motivation for completing homework.

Desirable difficulty

Additional and sometimes fun strategies include working with what researchers call “cognitive disfluency” by breaking convention in order to more fully gain the attention of students via changes in fonts or sizes, intentional grammatical errors, and even breaking free of categorically organized homework. A math worksheet that combines division, multiplication, addition, and subtraction problems randomly, for example, garners more attention from the brain than one that focuses on a single skill.

Deliberate practice

Finally, homework must be what Paul calls deliberate practice. Students and teachers must both be fully aware of homework’s purpose and point. This leads to one of the most important points about homework: it is not effective without student buy-in. Both common sense and research show that the only chance a student has to benefit from homework is when the student actually attempts completion — meaning that in addition to being effective, students have to be motivated to complete it. That motivation only comes when students understand how and why homework is important.

Monica Fuglei is a graduate of the University of Nebraska in Omaha and a current adjunct faculty member of Arapahoe Community College in Colorado, where she teaches composition and creative writing.

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Is Homework Helpful? The 5 Questions Every Teacher Should Ask

The Common Core State Standards ask teachers to increase rigor by diving deeper into material. Consequently, everything has been ramped up, classwork and homework no exception.

My nephew, a fourth grader, has 40–50 minutes of homework a night, plus independent reading and projects. When you include a snack break, the distractions from his younger sister, and his fourth-grade attention span that is bound to wander, that time often gets doubled. He is hard working and conscientious, but many nights he is distracted, frustrated, and anxious.

The National PTA recommends 10–20 minutes of homework per night in the first grade, and an additional 10 minutes per grade level thereafter (i.e., 20 minutes for second grade, on up to 120 minutes for 12th). If you follow these guidelines, students will spend 137,160 minutes doing homework from first grade to 12th. That’s 2,286 hours, or 95 straight days, of homework.

High school students in Finland rarely get more than a half-hour of homework a night. The country as a whole allows children to engage in more creative play at home. This is significant because its students score remarkably well on international test scores. It has many parents and education advocates in America questioning our practices.

So are we misguided with all this work? To answer that, one must step back and question the value of assignments. How often should they be assigned? Where is the line between too much and too little? Here are five considerations to help you determine what to assign and why.

1. How long will it take to complete? There are no surefire guidelines or golden rules that say how long students should work, especially since they progress at different speeds. Assignments need to lead to better learning outcomes. To achieve this, one must balance efficiency and effectiveness. The more efficient the assignment, the more material and learning that can be covered over the course of a year.

Here’s the rub: It must not be so quick that the material is not mastered, nor so long to provoke boredom. In between there is a sweet spot that everyone should seek.

2. Have all learners been considered? Often, teachers make assumptions about the time it takes to complete an assignment based on the middle-of-the-pack kid. Struggling learners can take double or triple the time that other students need to complete an assignment. Don’t just think about the average learner, consider the needs of al students.

3. Will an assignment encourage future success? A longer assignment can be justified if it is meaningful. Work that builds confidence and opens the door to future success is certainly worthwhile. Worthy assignments encourage participation in upcoming activities rather than discourage it. Teachers must explain the benefit of classwork and homework so that students will be sold on the benefits. Without the sales pitch, or the awareness of its purpose, students will view assignments as busy work.

4. Will an assignment place material in a context the classroom cannot? Homework is effective when classroom learning is transferred beyond the school walls. When teaching area, have students measure the area of a refrigerator shelf to determine what size sheet cake will fit for an upcoming party. When teaching the types of clouds, have students observe them in their own backyard. Make the learning applicable to everyday life, and it will be worth the time it takes to complete.

5. Does an assignment offer support when a teacher is not there? Students can reduce the time it takes to complete assignments if they know where to turn for help. In the case of homework, teachers are not there at all. Assignments should not only check for understanding but also offer support when students struggle. Teachers should provide links to online tutorials, like Khan Academy, that offer instruction when students get stuck.

This post is the first of two parts. The second part is Homework: Helping Students Manage their Time.

This piece was originally submitted to our community forums by a reader. Due to audience interest, we’ve preserved it. The opinions expressed here are the writer’s own.

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The homework debate.

Many in the education field today are looking for evidence to support the case for homework, but are coming up empty-handed. “Homework is all pain and no gain,” says author Alfie Kohn. In his book The Homework Myth , Kohn points out that no study has ever found a correlation between homework and academic achievement in elementary school, and there is little reason to believe that homework is necessary in high school. In fact, it may even diminish interest in learning, says Kohn.

If you've ever had a late night argument with your child about completing homework, you probably know first-hand that homework can be a strain on families. In an effort to reduce that stress, a growing number of schools are banning homework.

Mary Jane Cera is the academic administrator for the Kino School, a private, nonprofit K-12 school in Tucson, Arizona, which maintains a no-homework policy across all grades. The purpose of the policy is to make sure learning remains a joy for students, not a second shift of work that impedes social time and creative activity. Cera says that when new students are told there will be no homework assignments, they breathe a sigh of relief.

Many proponents of homework argue that life is filled with things we don't like to do, and that homework teaches self-discipline, time management and other nonacademic life skills. Kohn challenges this popular notion: If kids have no choice in the matter of homework, they're not really exercising judgment, and are instead losing their sense of autonomy.

At the Kino school, Cera says children often choose to take their favorite parts of school home. “A lot of what we see kids doing is continuing to write in journals, practicing music with their friends, and taking experiments home to show their parents,” she says. Anecdotal information from Kino graduates suggests that the early control over their education continues to serve them well into college; they feel better equipped to manage their time and approach professors with questions.

Standardized Testing

One of the reasons that we continue to dole out mountains of homework, Kohn says, is our obsession with standardized tests. This concern is especially relevant with the latest Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results placing American students 25th in math and 21st in science. “The standards and accountability craze that has our students in its grip argues for getting tougher with children, making them do more mindless worksheets at earlier ages so that we can score higher in international assessments,” Kohn says. “It's not about learning; it's about winning.”

Even if we can agree on the importance of kids doing better on tests like PISA, Kohn says, there is no research to suggest that homework is our ticket to success. Our “competitors” in the global marketplace are coming up with the same conclusions about homework. A recent comparative study of kids in China, Japan and two U.S. cities shows there is no correlation between time spent on studying and academic achievement.

How Much Is Too Much?

So, what's the solution? The National Parent Teacher Association suggests children in kindergarten through second grade should do homework for no more than 10 to 20 minutes a day, and for third through sixth graders the limit is 30-60 minutes a day. Kohn says the question isn't just, "How much homework is too much?" Many parents would be delighted if teachers reduced the amount their children are getting, but he says the quality of those assignments needs to be addressed as well. “Some of this stuff isn't worth two minutes of their children's time,” he says.

Kohn believes that the “default” setting for schools should be no homework, but that if evening work was assigned on occasion, it better be for a good reason. That means repetitive practice problems from 500-page textbooks get tossed out the window. Instead, Kohn says parents should be asking two fundamental questions:

What You Can Do

For parents who want to probe deeper into the quality of homework their child is getting, Kohn says the first step is to check the school's policy. In the case where poorly designed homework is being given, it's time to talk to the teacher, sit down with the principal, write a letter to the editor, and/or speak up at the next school board meeting. “It makes sense to do this with other parents,” he says. “Ten parents saying that homework does more harm than good are hard to ignore.”

Wherever the homework debate goes next, be it the front pages or on the back burner, it's worth taking a moment to examine if we're asking the right questions about our children's education. The good news is, it's never too late to start.

For more information on Alfie Kohn and his latest book, The Homework Myth , visit www.alfiekohn.org

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Debate on Homework Should be Abolished | Should Homework be Abolished? – Is It Truly Required?

March 7, 2022 by Prasanna

Debate on Homework Should be Abolished: Homework takes up a major part of a child’s life. The 21st century has been a period where students are troubled with homework given on various days for various subjects. Children go through days and evenings on book reports, numerical statements, writing papers, and making science posters or projects. Consequently, homework is an unavoidable piece of the educational system.

After decades of debate, people still argue over the necessity of homework. For some people, it is seen as “burdening the kids” or even “working at home for parents”. These people are right. Without homework, the life of both students, and even parents, would be way better.

You can also find more Debate Writing articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Below I will provide various disadvantages of giving students homework to affirm my opinion on why homework should be abolished from schools.

While we debate on whether homework should be abolished from school it is required to understand that students are given an excessive amount of homework from all subjects and on various assigned days. Homework is an important part of being successful both inside and outside of the classroom, but too much of it can hinder success. Students who invest a lot of energy in homework are not generally ready to address different issues, such as being truly and socially dynamic.

Students these days are managing a lot of homework – spending almost double the amount of time on finishing their homework after school. In a debate on whether homework should be abolished one ought to understand that in case there is lesser homework or no homework by any means, students will be more able to complete their given tasks and have a more prominent feeling of achievement.

While we debate on whether homework should be abolished from school, I might want to highlight that for a student going to class resembles regular work like most of us adults. Schools for the most part start at the beginning of the day around 8 am or even 7:30 am and end at 4:30 pm. That is around 9 hours of work that children are spending in school each day. Include the extracurricular exercises or even the homework which amounts to an additional 2 hours in a youngster’s day. The student on a normal day is going through no less than 11 hours of school-related work. To top it all students are given homework and expected to present their work on the immediately following day. Is this not a ton of stress that we are putting our youngsters through?

Homework is unpleasant. According to research, it has been found out that most students think about homework as an essential cause of stress, while under 1% of students said homework was not a stressor. It has been seen that many school-going youngsters face indications of stress that are lack of sleep, weight reduction, and stomach-related issues.

Along these lines, in a debate on homework should be abolished we can share that no homework approaches no pressure. Without homework, students don’t have to spend all their time sitting before their work area being worn out and stressing over whether they will be able to submit their work the next day.

While we debate on whether homework should be abolished, I might want to mention that teachers believe that the more homework they give, the quicker students will improve and recollect what they have learned. In any case, that isn’t the situation. Normally the more homework students get, the less they are required to take part in learning. This makes homework a demon driving students into an edge of pressure, not a device for urging them to find out additional information. Investing an excess of energy in homework is connected to a reduction in scholarly execution.

Investing an excessive amount of energy in homework implies that students are not gathering their required necessities and other basic fundamental abilities. Students with a lot of homework are bound to stay away from taking part in activities outside-of-school like games, playing instruments, or even learning a new language. Besides, if students invest all their energy doing homework constantly, they probably won’t have the option to acquire fundamental abilities for their future, like being independent, figuring out how to cook, using time productively, or in any event, associating with others. Numerous students feel compelled to pick homework over learning different skills. Thus, while we debate whether homework should be abolished, it ought to be understood that in case students are not given homework, they could invest more energy into their advantages. Students could take up exercises like moving, playing computer games, and painting and simultaneously have the option to find a way into the general public when they grow up.

Family time, shared nights, end-of-the-week trips, and meals are missed by students who are continually investing energy in homework. Then again, without homework, there would be all the more family bonding time, which makes families closer. Lastly, the main thought to be examined in a debate on homework should be abolished will be that homework upsets the sleep cycle. As per research conducted it was discovered that there is a connection between homework completion and sleep disturbance, kids who had less homework would be wise to schedules and had more steady sleep cycles.

Supporters of homework are driving kids away from learning, making them less successful in and out of school, and destroying their childhood by intruding on weekends, vacations, family mealtimes, children’s sleep time, playtime, and downtime.

Most students feel a burden with all their unnecessary homework. They soon feel numb and unmotivated rather than experiencing engaging school life. Hence, I conclude on a note to say that homework should be abolished in the need of the hour.

FAQ’s on Debate on Homework Should be Abolished

Question 1. What is homework?

Answer: Homework is an out of the class task assigned to students as an extension or an elaboration of classwork. There are three kinds of homework – practice, preparation, and extension.

Question 2. What are the disadvantages of homework?

Answer: There are numerous disadvantages of homework. The main disadvantage being it disturbs the rest pattern of the students. Homework adds as a significant worry for youngsters who often fall prey to stress-related health issues. Due to homework, numerous kids are compelled to give a secondary seat to extra-curricular activities that they appreciate and have a great time doing.

Question 3. Does assigning homework cause pressure in kids?

Answer: In research, it has been found out that most students think about homework as a primary cause of stress. It has been seen that many school-going kids face indications of stress that are lack of sleep, weight reduction, and stomach-related issues. The tremendous pressure and wellbeing-related issues are all due to the assignment of homework.

Homework: is it worth the hassle?

Parents and educators question the value of setting assignments for students. But what does the neuroscience say?

Like all teachers, I’ve spent many hours correcting homework. Yet there’s a debate over whether we should be setting it at all.

I teach both primary and secondary, and regularly find myself drawn into the argument on the reasoning behind it – parents, and sometimes colleagues, question its validity. Parent-teacher interviews can become consumed by how much trouble students have completing assignments. All of which has led me to question the neuroscience behind setting homework. Is it worth it?

Increasingly, there’s a divide between those who support the need for homework and those who suggest the time would be better spent with family and developing relationships. The anxiety related to homework is frequently reviewed.

A survey of high-performing high schools by the Stanford Graduate School of Education, for example, found that 56% of students considered homework a primary source of stress. These same students reported that the demands of homework caused sleep deprivation and other health problems, as well as less time for friends, family and extracurricular pursuits.

Working memory?

When students learn in the classroom, they are using their short-term or working memory. This information is continually updated during the class. On leaving the classroom, the information in the working memory is replaced by the topic in the next class.

Adults experience a similar reaction when they walk into a new room and forget why they are there. The new set of sensory information – lighting, odours, temperature – enters their working memory and any pre-existing information is displaced. It’s only when the person returns to the same environment that they remember the key information.

But education is about more than memorising facts. Students need to access the information in ways that are relevant to their world, and to transfer knowledge to new situations.

Many of us will have struggled to remember someone’s name when we meet them in an unexpected environment (a workmate at the gym, maybe), and we are more likely to remember them again once we’ve seen them multiple times in different places. Similarly, students must practise their skills in different environments.

Revising the key skills learned in the classroom during homework increases the likelihood of a student remembering and being able to use those skills in a variety of situations in the future, contributing to their overall education.

The link between homework and educational achievement is supported by research: a meta-analysis of studies between 1987 and 2003 found that: “With only rare exceptions, the relationship between the amount of homework students do and their achievement outcomes was found to be positive and statistically significant.”

The right type of work

The homework debate is often split along the lines of primary school compared with secondary school. Education researcher Professor John Hattie, who has ranked various influences on student learning and achievement, found that homework in primary schools has a negligible effect (most homework set has little to no impact on a student’s overall learning). However, it makes a bigger difference in secondary schools.

His explanation is that students in secondary schools are often given tasks that reinforce key skills learned in the classroom that day, whereas primary students may be asked to complete separate assignments. “The worst thing you can do with homework is give kids projects; the best thing you can do is reinforce something you’ve already learned,” he told the BBC in 2014.

So homework can be effective when it’s the right type of homework. In my own practice, the primary students I teach will often be asked to find real-life examples of the concept taught instead of traditional homework tasks, while homework for secondary students consolidates the key concepts covered in the classroom. For secondary in particular, I find a general set of rules useful:

While there is no data on the effectiveness of homework in different subjects, these general rules could be applied equally to languages, mathematics or humanities. And by setting the right type of homework, you’ll help to reinforce key concepts in a new environment, allowing the information you teach to be used in a variety of contexts in the future.

Helen Silvester is a writer for npj Science of Learning Community

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Is homework good for kids here's what the research says.

A s kids return to school, debate is heating up once again over how they should spend their time after they leave the classroom for the day.

The no-homework policy of a second-grade teacher in Texas went viral last week , earning praise from parents across the country who lament the heavy workload often assigned to young students. Brandy Young told parents she would not formally assign any homework this year, asking students instead to eat dinner with their families, play outside and go to bed early.

But the question of how much work children should be doing outside of school remains controversial, and plenty of parents take issue with no-homework policies, worried their kids are losing a potential academic advantage. Here’s what you need to know:

For decades, the homework standard has been a “10-minute rule,” which recommends a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. Second graders, for example, should do about 20 minutes of homework each night. High school seniors should complete about two hours of homework each night. The National PTA and the National Education Association both support that guideline.

But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot program for the coming school year, lengthening the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction. “We really want kids to go home at 4 o’clock, tired. We want their brain to be tired,” Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said in an interview with a local TV station . “We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice, and we want them to go to bed. And that’s it.”

A New York City public elementary school implemented a similar policy last year, eliminating traditional homework assignments in favor of family time. The change was quickly met with outrage from some parents, though it earned support from other education leaders.

New solutions and approaches to homework differ by community, and these local debates are complicated by the fact that even education experts disagree about what’s best for kids.

The research

The most comprehensive research on homework to date comes from a 2006 meta-analysis by Duke University psychology professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence of a positive correlation between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. The correlation was stronger for older students—in seventh through 12th grade—than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.

Cooper’s analysis focused on how homework impacts academic achievement—test scores, for example. His report noted that homework is also thought to improve study habits, attitudes toward school, self-discipline, inquisitiveness and independent problem solving skills. On the other hand, some studies he examined showed that homework can cause physical and emotional fatigue, fuel negative attitudes about learning and limit leisure time for children. At the end of his analysis, Cooper recommended further study of such potential effects of homework.

Despite the weak correlation between homework and performance for young children, Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students. Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night, he said, but they also shouldn’t be doing no homework.

Not all education experts agree entirely with Cooper’s assessment.

Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University of Missouri-St. Louis, supports the “10-minute rule” as a maximum, but she thinks there is not sufficient proof that homework is helpful for students in elementary school.

“Correlation is not causation,” she said. “Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?”

Vatterott, the author of Rethinking Homework: Best Practices That Support Diverse Needs , thinks there should be more emphasis on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to eliminate homework for younger kids.

“I have no concerns about students not starting homework until fourth grade or fifth grade,” she said, noting that while the debate over homework will undoubtedly continue, she has noticed a trend toward limiting, if not eliminating, homework in elementary school.

The issue has been debated for decades. A TIME cover in 1999 read: “Too much homework! How it’s hurting our kids, and what parents should do about it.” The accompanying story noted that the launch of Sputnik in 1957 led to a push for better math and science education in the U.S. The ensuing pressure to be competitive on a global scale, plus the increasingly demanding college admissions process, fueled the practice of assigning homework.

“The complaints are cyclical, and we’re in the part of the cycle now where the concern is for too much,” Cooper said. “You can go back to the 1970s, when you’ll find there were concerns that there was too little, when we were concerned about our global competitiveness.”

Cooper acknowledged that some students really are bringing home too much homework, and their parents are right to be concerned.

“A good way to think about homework is the way you think about medications or dietary supplements,” he said. “If you take too little, they’ll have no effect. If you take too much, they can kill you. If you take the right amount, you’ll get better.”

Write to Katie Reilly at [email protected] .

Key Stage 1

The Homework Debate 2021: Do Primary Schoolers Really Need Homework?

The homework debate resurfaces every year without fail. It is a popular topic with parents, primary school teachers, online tutors, and politicians alike. Should homework be banned? Is homework at primary school necessary? Do pupils receive enough education in class that homework is nothing but a waste of time? – These are all questions that you have no doubt heard before.

Is the homework debate even relevant in the context of COVID-19? As an online maths tuition service for KS1 and KS2 pupils, we believe so! Sometimes we set our students homework. We believe that this debate is more relevant now than it has ever been. Let’s discover why…

Helping Kids 'do' Mental Maths

Courses are running from June 1st – June 5th , 2021 .

In just two classes, our tutors can help your child develop fast calculation skills, applying them to all types of maths problems!

What would you like to know about?

“Homework should be banned!” – The call to action

Our children are too tired!

Is it the case that we put too much pressure on children these days? At the age of 7, UK primary school pupils are expected to sit their Key Stage 1 SATs test. This continues in primary school up until Year 6 when they are expected to prepare for and sit their Key Stage 2 SATs test.

Some parents argue that this leaves little time for kids to wind down at home. When can they find the time to indulge in sports, hobbies, and creative interests if their time is consumed by homework? Let’s not forget the added stress caused by the UK Coronavirus lockdown.

Primary school homework does more harm than good:

A BBC Newsround report from 2018 consulted education experts on their views of the homework debate. Nansi Ellis, Assistant General Secretary at the Association of Teachers and Lecturers argued that homework gets in the way of all the good things kids enjoy. It does not always boost performance in class.

She also highlighted that it demands a lot of parents, not only their time but also of their own educational understanding. This sometimes backfires as the methods of learning in school twenty or thirty years ago are likely not the same as those taught nowadays. This can risk causing further confusion.

BBC Newsround’s own survey of the homework debate and how much homework primary school pupils receive found that parents thought:

The results of a homework debate survey by BBC Newsround from 2018

Where is the proof?

The same BBC report saw Ellis claim that while teachers setting homework is in theory supposed to better results, there is no proof of this being the case. Rosamund McNeil from the teacher’s organisation NUT highlighted that cases abroad support this. In Finland, pupils are set minimal homework but it remains one of the most educationally successful countries in the world.

The homework debate is not just about students – it’s about teachers too!

Homework is time-consuming. Teachers must plan it and mark it, in addition to preparing their classroom lessons and reporting on pupils’ progress. Time constraints can force teachers to work late into the night at home which opens an entirely new can of worms. Overworked teachers are less effective in class. Perhaps it would be more efficient for schools to ban homework altogether.

The other side of the homework debate: Why our kids need homework

It has long been the view that homework acts as a supplement to what has been taught in class. It is an opportunity for pupils to review areas of work they might not understand, focusing their learning.

Homework for primary school students is a good thing!

Homework can be fun and imaginative, an opportunity for parents to bond with their children over education. Take the classic example of counting peas on the dinner plate to learn multiplication tables. Homework does not always have to be completed in a book or on a worksheet. It can often reflect the creativity of the teacher who can inspire children to take their learnings and apply them to the real world. Pricing a shopping list is an awesome way to practise maths while acquiring life skills!

In May 2021 we asked our social media community for their thoughts on this debate. More than two-thirds agreed that homework should not be banned.

The UK is falling behind the rest of the world:

Once upon a time the UK may have had the best education system in the world. Now is not that time. Studies suggest that UK literacy and maths rates are falling while in other countries they continue to rise.

As a result, many teachers and parents agree that our children require further encouragement. This is not the time to ban homework in the UK. Especially when we take into consideration the months of lost learning caused by the COVID-19 UK lockdown. This is the time to help primary school children catch up, and homework can support the effort.

The homework debate in the context of COVID-19

We touched on this earlier before considering both sides of the argument in the UK homework debate. However, with home learning more popular than ever, is there still a place for homework in UK primary school education?

The homework debate solution: Online tuition

It’s engaging for children; it reflects what they have been learning in class and saves time for both parents and teachers. Online tuition has soared in popularity through 2020 and 2021, and could be the solution for people on both sides of the homework debate.

In the UK there are tons of tuition services helping to provide kids with a competitive edge using an extracurricular push. You can view a list of the top 15 here: Discover the UK’s best online tutors.

If you have any comments or questions regarding this topic, please feel free to let us know in the comment below or in our Facebook group UK Primary School Maths – Tutoring & Tips, we will reply to you as soon as we can.

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Social and Political Issues Debate Topics All people should have the right to own guns. The death penalty should be abolished. Human cloning should be legalized. All drugs should be legalized. Animal testing should be banned. Juveniles should be tried and treated as adults. Climate change is the greatest threat facing humanity today.

Washington Post journalist Valerie Strauss asked, "Does homework work when kids are learning all day at home?" While students were mostly back in school buildings in fall 2021, the question remains of how effective homework is as an educational tool. [ 47] Is Homework Beneficial? Pro 1 Homework improves student achievement.

General Debate Topics Should we ban homework: does homework promote learning? How essential is a college education? Banning mobile devices (cell phones, smartphones) at schools: yes or no? Is it appropriate to allow students to create their own curricula? Is abortion murder? Are violent video games appropriate entertainment for teenagers?

Whether from habit or comparison with out-of-class work time in other nations, our students are getting homework and, according to some of them, a LOT of it. Educators and policy makers must ask themselves—does assigning homework pay off? Is there evidence that homework benefits students younger than high school?

One of the more contentious issues in the homework debate is the amount of time students should spend on homework. The Cooper synthesis (1989a) reported that for junior high school students, the benefits increased as time increased, up to 1 to 2 hours of homework a night, and then decreased.

With school back in session, children are bound to be coming home with homework, but how much is too much? It's a debate that's going national, with one elementary school teacher in Texas...

The key question isn't, "Do we assign homework?," but rather, "What is homework?" How do we define it? What is homework, and what isn't? From Ditch That Homework: So, homework consists of any assigned task slated to be done outside the hours of class.

Think of whether a blind person can be a racist, for example. A debate over the Effect of Class Size on the Effectiveness of Teachers. - A serious debate topic related to education. A good choice for educators. Check out the link to see an actual example. Do Higher Income Taxes Solve The Economic and Social Problems.

The debate over homework has been going on for decades, with the pendulum swinging back and forth between more and less homework for American students. Adding new fuel to the debate is that today's kids are getting more homework in earlier grades.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of homework? How much homework should be assigned? How important is the quality of the assignments? And most importantly: Does homework increase student achievement? These questions represent the ongoing debate surrounding homework for the past two decades.

In anticipation of our third annual Student Editorial Contest (to be announced on Feb. 25), we've done the math, and below you'll find the 100 most-commented-upon questions we've ever asked that call for persuasive writing. Many of them are, of course, on topics teenagers care about — technology, video games, sports and gender issues.

Should homework be banned? The big debate Should homework be banned? The big debate Homework is a polarising topic. It can cause students to feel stressed or anxious. It adds extra pressure on teachers, who are often already struggling with their workloads. And, some parents resent the way homework can cut into family time at home.

The Homework Debate: Adults face Newsround's children's panel Generally, people agree that homework is good idea for children in secondary school. But for primary school, it isn't clear if...

The Homework Debate: How Homework Benefits Students The Homework Debate: The Case Against Homework Advice on Creating Homework Policies Advice on Positive Classroom Management that Works Classroom Organization Advice From Expert Stacy Erickson Homework in Middle School: Building a Foundation for Study Skills

The Homework Debate. Every school day brings something new, but there is one status quo most parents expect: homework. The old adage that practice makes perfect seems to make sense when it comes to schoolwork. But, while hunkering down after dinner among books and worksheets might seem like a natural part of childhood, there's more research now ...

Debate on Homework Should be Abolished: Homework takes up a major part of a child's life. The 21st century has been a period where students are troubled with homework given on various days for various subjects. ... Question 1. What is homework? Answer: Homework is an out of the class task assigned to students as an extension or an elaboration ...

Like all teachers, I've spent many hours correcting homework. Yet there's a debate over whether we should be setting it at all. I teach both primary and secondary, and regularly find myself ...

For decades, the homework standard has been a "10-minute rule," which recommends a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level. Second graders, for example, should do about 20 ...

Should homework be banned? Is homework at primary school necessary? Do pupils receive enough education in class that homework is nothing but a waste of time? - These are all questions that you have no doubt heard before. Is the homework debate even relevant in the context of COVID-19?

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COMMENTS

What Does Awaiting Carrier Assignment Mean BMW?
What Does Awaiting Carrier Assignment Mean BMW? BMW/ By The GearShifters Team They are selecting the carrier that will "transport" the car from the manufacturer to the port when they are waiting for carrier assignment. Take it, don't ship it! It is given a ship once it arrives at the port.
Awaiting Carrier Assignment
Same here bro I got a G83 been awaiting carrier assignment since 1/19 im debating if I should be worried ... 2022 BMW M4 Competi ... [9.50] Bumping thread. Today marks two weeks in awaiting carrier assignment for me. _____ 2022 G82 M4 Comp XDrive 2020 GMC Sierra Denali Ultimate 6.2L ...
"Awaiting Carrier Assignment"
Awaiting carrier assignment means they are deciding which carrier will "carry" the car from the factory to the port. Get it, carry vs ship! Once it is at the port it is assigned a ship. I think the ship is assigned after the car is on it. To remove this ad click here. May 31, 2022 #2 zellsun Member
Awaiting carrier assignment
Location: NJ. iTrader: ( 0) Awaiting carrier assignment. My 2021 X5 45e has been in AWAITING CARRIER ASSIGNMENT status since Monday, 10/5. The original scheduled delivery date to my dealership in NY was today. Called bmw genius they said it is out of their hand now, most likely is setting in the processing center waiting for a truck to pick it up.
Car Stuck In Awaiting Carrier Assignment
Car Stuck In Awaiting Carrier Assignment Bimmerpost ☰ Model Selection Login Register G05 BMW X5 2019+ BMW X5 (G05) and X6 (G06) Forum Pricing, Ordering, Tracking Car Stuck In Awaiting Carrier Assignment Post Reply Bookmarks Digg StumbleUpon del.icio.us My Yahoo! « Previous Thread | Next Thread » All times are GMT -5. The time now is 11:49 PM.
Awaiting carrier assignment...for several weeks
MyGarage is absolutely not 100% accurate. My iXM60 was in 'Quality Check' for 2.5 weeks, then 'Awaiting Carrier Assignment' for 1 week, then 'At Port'. This whole time, my dealer and BMW Genius all indicated the vehicle was definitively at port Bremerhaven since 7/3/22. My Garage didn't update to 'At Port' until 7/21/22!
Anyone know how inaccurate the BMW website is because I've ...
I was reading a few forums online and for most people Awaiting carrier assignment was only a 3-5 day process. Geofferz • 1 yr. ago Ask bmw maybe Tahnner • 1 yr. ago The tracker runs about 3-5 days behind what we can see at the dealership. Your CA should be able to check the latest status. But this doesn't surprise me.
Awaiting Carrier Assignment? 2023 X1 : r/BMW
The sales rep here told me 01OCT was the release date but if BMW is holding back the release of the U.S. version for some reason that would explain why mine has been sitting for so long too. The dealerships here (Germany) has a couple of the U.S. spec demonstrators already. FeignedHope • 2 mo. ago
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My car was built on September 28, 2022 and has been sitting in Awaiting Carrier Assignment in Dingolfing ever since. If you've ordered and received a car this year, how long did you have to wait for carrier assignment. ... 2022 BMW 540i [0.00] 2012 BMW 335i [0.00] 2012 BMW 335is [0.00] 2008 Infiniti QX56 [0.00] 2001 M Roadster [0.00] 2009 328it ...
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F48 / F39Model Year: 2016 - 2022. E84Model Year: 2010 - 2015. X3.X4; X5.X6. G05 / G06Model Year: 2019 + Previous Generations; ... "Awaiting carrier assignment" - Not sure how this means "A carrier has been assigned to take care of your BMW" Appreciate 0 Quote ...
Order/Production/Shipping/delivery Timeline
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Awaiting Carrier Assignment
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Tracking your new BMW
Awaiting carrier assignment Dispatched from factory At the port In transit At the dealership Delivered Once the order is received, it can take anywhere from one day to one week to begin building the car, depending on where you entered the que. Codes You might might hear code numbers from your client advisor or BMW if you call for an update.
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