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- How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates

How to Write a Research Proposal | Examples & Templates
Published on October 12, 2022 by Shona McCombes and Tegan George. Revised on January 3, 2023.

A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research.
The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements:
Introduction
Literature review.
- Research design
Reference list
While the sections may vary, the overall objective is always the same. A research proposal serves as a blueprint and guide for your research plan, helping you get organized and feel confident in the path forward you choose to take.
Table of contents
Research proposal purpose, research proposal examples, research design and methods, contribution to knowledge, research schedule, frequently asked questions about research proposals.
Academics often have to write research proposals to get funding for their projects. As a student, you might have to write a research proposal as part of a grad school application , or prior to starting your thesis or dissertation .
In addition to helping you figure out what your research can look like, a proposal can also serve to demonstrate why your project is worth pursuing to a funder, educational institution, or supervisor.
Research proposal length
The length of a research proposal can vary quite a bit. A bachelor’s or master’s thesis proposal can be just a few pages, while proposals for PhD dissertations or research funding are usually much longer and more detailed. Your supervisor can help you determine the best length for your work.
One trick to get started is to think of your proposal’s structure as a shorter version of your thesis or dissertation , only without the results , conclusion and discussion sections.
Download our research proposal template
Writing a research proposal can be quite challenging, but a good starting point could be to look at some examples. We’ve included a few for you below.
- Example research proposal #1: “A Conceptual Framework for Scheduling Constraint Management”
- Example research proposal #2: “Making Healthy Connections: Mentoring, Monitoring and Measurement”
- Example research proposal #3: “Medical Students as Mediators of Change in Tobacco Use”
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Like your dissertation or thesis, the proposal will usually have a title page that includes:
- The proposed title of your project
- Your supervisor’s name
- Your institution and department
The first part of your proposal is the initial pitch for your project. Make sure it succinctly explains what you want to do and why.
Your introduction should:
- Introduce your topic
- Give necessary background and context
- Outline your problem statement and research questions
To guide your introduction , include information about:
- Who could have an interest in the topic (e.g., scientists, policymakers)
- How much is already known about the topic
- What is missing from this current knowledge
- What new insights your research will contribute
- Why you believe this research is worth doing
As you get started, it’s important to demonstrate that you’re familiar with the most important research on your topic. A strong literature review shows your reader that your project has a solid foundation in existing knowledge or theory. It also shows that you’re not simply repeating what other people have already done or said, but rather using existing research as a jumping-off point for your own.
In this section, share exactly how your project will contribute to ongoing conversations in the field by:
- Comparing and contrasting the main theories, methods, and debates
- Examining the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches
- Explaining how will you build on, challenge, or synthesize prior scholarship
Following the literature review, restate your main objectives . This brings the focus back to your own project. Next, your research design or methodology section will describe your overall approach, and the practical steps you will take to answer your research questions.
To finish your proposal on a strong note, explore the potential implications of your research for your field. Emphasize again what you aim to contribute and why it matters.
For example, your results might have implications for:
- Improving best practices
- Informing policymaking decisions
- Strengthening a theory or model
- Challenging popular or scientific beliefs
- Creating a basis for future research
Last but not least, your research proposal must include correct citations for every source you have used, compiled in a reference list . To create citations quickly and easily, you can use our free APA citation generator .
Some institutions or funders require a detailed timeline of the project, asking you to forecast what you will do at each stage and how long it may take. While not always required, be sure to check the requirements of your project.
Here’s an example schedule to help you get started. You can also download a template at the button below.
Download our research schedule template
If you are applying for research funding, chances are you will have to include a detailed budget. This shows your estimates of how much each part of your project will cost.
Make sure to check what type of costs the funding body will agree to cover. For each item, include:
- Cost : exactly how much money do you need?
- Justification : why is this cost necessary to complete the research?
- Source : how did you calculate the amount?
To determine your budget, think about:
- Travel costs : do you need to go somewhere to collect your data? How will you get there, and how much time will you need? What will you do there (e.g., interviews, archival research)?
- Materials : do you need access to any tools or technologies?
- Help : do you need to hire any research assistants for the project? What will they do, and how much will you pay them?
Once you’ve decided on your research objectives , you need to explain them in your paper, at the end of your problem statement .
Keep your research objectives clear and concise, and use appropriate verbs to accurately convey the work that you will carry out for each one.
I will compare …
A research aim is a broad statement indicating the general purpose of your research project. It should appear in your introduction at the end of your problem statement , before your research objectives.
Research objectives are more specific than your research aim. They indicate the specific ways you’ll address the overarching aim.
A PhD, which is short for philosophiae doctor (doctor of philosophy in Latin), is the highest university degree that can be obtained. In a PhD, students spend 3–5 years writing a dissertation , which aims to make a significant, original contribution to current knowledge.
A PhD is intended to prepare students for a career as a researcher, whether that be in academia, the public sector, or the private sector.
A master’s is a 1- or 2-year graduate degree that can prepare you for a variety of careers.
All master’s involve graduate-level coursework. Some are research-intensive and intend to prepare students for further study in a PhD; these usually require their students to write a master’s thesis . Others focus on professional training for a specific career.
Critical thinking refers to the ability to evaluate information and to be aware of biases or assumptions, including your own.
Like information literacy , it involves evaluating arguments, identifying and solving problems in an objective and systematic way, and clearly communicating your ideas.
The best way to remember the difference between a research plan and a research proposal is that they have fundamentally different audiences. A research plan helps you, the researcher, organize your thoughts. On the other hand, a dissertation proposal or research proposal aims to convince others (e.g., a supervisor, a funding body, or a dissertation committee) that your research topic is relevant and worthy of being conducted.
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- Research Process
Writing a Scientific Research Project Proposal
- 5 minute read
- 37.9K views
Table of Contents
The importance of a well-written research proposal cannot be underestimated. Your research really is only as good as your proposal. A poorly written, or poorly conceived research proposal will doom even an otherwise worthy project. On the other hand, a well-written, high-quality proposal will increase your chances for success.
In this article, we’ll outline the basics of writing an effective scientific research proposal, including the differences between research proposals, grants and cover letters. We’ll also touch on common mistakes made when submitting research proposals, as well as a simple example or template that you can follow.
What is a scientific research proposal?
The main purpose of a scientific research proposal is to convince your audience that your project is worthwhile, and that you have the expertise and wherewithal to complete it. The elements of an effective research proposal mirror those of the research process itself, which we’ll outline below. Essentially, the research proposal should include enough information for the reader to determine if your proposed study is worth pursuing.
It is not an uncommon misunderstanding to think that a research proposal and a cover letter are the same things. However, they are different. The main difference between a research proposal vs cover letter content is distinct. Whereas the research proposal summarizes the proposal for future research, the cover letter connects you to the research, and how you are the right person to complete the proposed research.
There is also sometimes confusion around a research proposal vs grant application. Whereas a research proposal is a statement of intent, related to answering a research question, a grant application is a specific request for funding to complete the research proposed. Of course, there are elements of overlap between the two documents; it’s the purpose of the document that defines one or the other.
Scientific Research Proposal Format
Although there is no one way to write a scientific research proposal, there are specific guidelines. A lot depends on which journal you’re submitting your research proposal to, so you may need to follow their scientific research proposal template.
In general, however, there are fairly universal sections to every scientific research proposal. These include:
- Title: Make sure the title of your proposal is descriptive and concise. Make it catch and informative at the same time, avoiding dry phrases like, “An investigation…” Your title should pique the interest of the reader.
- Abstract: This is a brief (300-500 words) summary that includes the research question, your rationale for the study, and any applicable hypothesis. You should also include a brief description of your methodology, including procedures, samples, instruments, etc.
- Introduction: The opening paragraph of your research proposal is, perhaps, the most important. Here you want to introduce the research problem in a creative way, and demonstrate your understanding of the need for the research. You want the reader to think that your proposed research is current, important and relevant.
- Background: Include a brief history of the topic and link it to a contemporary context to show its relevance for today. Identify key researchers and institutions also looking at the problem
- Literature Review: This is the section that may take the longest amount of time to assemble. Here you want to synthesize prior research, and place your proposed research into the larger picture of what’s been studied in the past. You want to show your reader that your work is original, and adds to the current knowledge.
- Research Design and Methodology: This section should be very clearly and logically written and organized. You are letting your reader know that you know what you are going to do, and how. The reader should feel confident that you have the skills and knowledge needed to get the project done.
- Preliminary Implications: Here you’ll be outlining how you anticipate your research will extend current knowledge in your field. You might also want to discuss how your findings will impact future research needs.
- Conclusion: This section reinforces the significance and importance of your proposed research, and summarizes the entire proposal.
- References/Citations: Of course, you need to include a full and accurate list of any and all sources you used to write your research proposal.
Common Mistakes in Writing a Scientific Research Project Proposal
Remember, the best research proposal can be rejected if it’s not well written or is ill-conceived. The most common mistakes made include:
- Not providing the proper context for your research question or the problem
- Failing to reference landmark/key studies
- Losing focus of the research question or problem
- Not accurately presenting contributions by other researchers and institutions
- Incompletely developing a persuasive argument for the research that is being proposed
- Misplaced attention on minor points and/or not enough detail on major issues
- Sloppy, low-quality writing without effective logic and flow
- Incorrect or lapses in references and citations, and/or references not in proper format
- The proposal is too long – or too short
Scientific Research Proposal Example
There are countless examples that you can find for successful research proposals. In addition, you can also find examples of unsuccessful research proposals. Search for successful research proposals in your field, and even for your target journal, to get a good idea on what specifically your audience may be looking for.
While there’s no one example that will show you everything you need to know, looking at a few will give you a good idea of what you need to include in your own research proposal. Talk, also, to colleagues in your field, especially if you are a student or a new researcher. We can often learn from the mistakes of others. The more prepared and knowledgeable you are prior to writing your research proposal, the more likely you are to succeed.
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One of the top reasons scientific research proposals are rejected is due to poor logic and flow. Check out our Language Editing Services to ensure a great proposal , that’s clear and concise, and properly referenced. Check our video for more information, and get started today.

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Home Blog Business How to Write a Project Proposal and Present it to Stakeholders
How to Write a Project Proposal and Present it to Stakeholders

Every manager or executive has at some point of their career the need to create a project proposal (or initiative, we will use both terms instinctively in this post). In this opportunity we will briefly define the concept, how to write it and more importantly how to present it to an audience. Persuasion is key. Being able to transmit the right message behind the proposal will help you engage your audience with your ideas.
What Is a Project Proposal?
A project proposal is a document that details a new project idea. Its main objective is to communicate the idea, and what is needed to make it happen. In its most basic form, it contains a title, initial and end dates, objectives, goals and the overall main achievement pursued at completion of the project.
Formal project proposals have clear sections that have been proven to effectively communicate a project idea. The basics include context about the problem or pain trying to solve, a high level action plan, and the required resources to execute it. We’ll give you more detail into how to write project proposal categories later on in this article.
Note that a business project proposal is not the same thing as a complete project plan , in terms of project management . The project proposal includes a lot of details in many of the same categories as a project charter or a complete project plan. However, it is not the same document. The project proposal is not a detailed execution plan. There are lots of details that may change between the proposal presentation and the final, approved project plan.
Types of Project Proposals
There are many different kinds of project proposals, since there are many different kinds of projects. For the sake of keeping the article with a reasonable length, we will exemplify Business Project Proposals.
Business project proposals range from formal to informal and vary greatly depending on the industry and company where they are defined. This article focuses on business project proposals, though a lot of the basics and recommendations also apply to different categories.
Situations that Require to Write a Business Project Proposal
Projects intake vary depending on the management frameworks applied by every organization. But there are common management practices that trigger the need for project proposals.
The most common place for project definitions and ideation is during Corporate Planning. Independently of the size of the organization, planning is a practice that every professional organization carries out. Could be defined as Corporate Planning, or just Growth planning, but the time of the year where executives prepare their forecast and plan for the future is the main event where initiatives are defined. In order to evaluate them objectively, project proposals are created. Based on the proposals, the executives decide which projects they will sponsor. With this in mind, it is important that the document is formal, informative, but also persuasive.
How to Write a Project Proposal
The following paragraphs describe the common sections of a professional project proposal document. Keep in mind that this guide does not pretend to be exhaustive and is understood that you’ll need to evaluate adjustments to this outline in order to make it work for your industry, field, and department.
Step One: Define the Purpose around a Problem or Pain
No executive team will approve or fund a project if it’s not solving a realistic problem, situation. While it may sound negative, in business a lot of decisions are made around addressing pains, both organizational and client-facing. This step aims to show stakeholders why your project is important and what are the stakes if they don’t approve it.
Since your problem statement is the very first section of your project proposal, it has to be strong. If you don’t make your audience start believing in the need for a new initiative at this point, it will be very hard to change their minds later on. Don’t exaggerate the problem, since that is easy to discover later on, but be emphatic about why this is a problem that needs fixing. Backup your claims with facts, figures, and business cases. The cost of “ not doing ” is also a strong argument.
Here are some questions to consider when defining the problem:

Step Two: Introduce The Solution
Now that you’ve hopefully convinced your audience of the existence of a problem, you now have to introduce the proposed solution. The next several steps will help you specify some of the more tangible components of the “how”. On this step, however, you’re still at the dazzling and inspiring stage.
That means your introduction to the plan should focus on its benefits.
How is this going to address the problem and what is your organization going to get out of it? Think increased profits, lowered costs, new products on the market, more satisfied clients, increased brand awareness, etc.
What is the anticipated impact of your project or idea? Focus on wide-ranging effects for a more impressive presentation.

Step Three: Specify Deliverables and Success Criteria
Deliverables are the results of your project. Think about it as the components, both tangible and intangible, that you’ll be delivering. Include the functions and characteristics of each deliverable, such as what it will do, how it will work, and what benefit it will have. Include details such as due date and key tasks required to successfully carry out each deliverable.
Alongside the definition of deliverables are the success criteria. It’s important to specify how you’ll know if each deliverable has been successfully created, as well as the project as a whole. Whenever you’re presenting objectives or criteria for evaluating success, use the SMART goals approach. SMART stands for specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. You can try using a roadmap template to visualize these deliverables and delivery dates.
Step Four: Outline Project Resources
In order to execute a project, you will require resources. Generally in a project proposal you will divide this definition in two. First, an overall estimation of resources in a common language , financial . So you will translate every resource into budgeting terms and define an investment number. Then, you will break down these financials into: assets (i.e.: technology, infrastructure), human resources, services (i.e.: advertisement, consultancy).
Step Five: Outline your Schedule
In this section you will combine deliverables and resources to generate a high level roadmap. Main points to highlight are start and end of the project, delivery dates and resources usage times. In this way you will materialize the proposal in high level activities.
Step Six: Executive Summary
Once the detailed version of your project proposal is complete, it’s time to summarize it into an executive summary. This summary will include a high-level list of each key element of your proposal. The idea of the executive summary is to be able to summarize in one page all the proposal, in a way an executive can grasp the overall scope.
How to Present a Project Proposal to Stakeholders
Your project presentation will follow the basic steps detailed above. Here is a project proposal example structure using project proposal templates to help you get started on your presentation.
Slide 1: Cover Slide with Project Name
Like in all presentations, you don’t dive into the main part of the presentation without introducing the name of the project and yourself as presenter. Covers slides provide some visual stationary previous the presentation kick off. As a recommendation, set a project name that will make it memorable.

Slide 2: Table of Contents
Audience members will have an easier time paying attention if they know what to expect from your proposal presentation. See the following slide for a common project proposal table of contents format. When presenting it, do not dive into details. The agenda slide is aimed to set a mental state in the audience on the structure of the information will follow. It is a presentation best practice to prepare the audience.

Slide 3: The Problem
Summarize your problem statement in one or two sentences. Be BOLD . When creating this problem summary, make sure to touch upon what the problem is, why it is a problem, how this problem manifests, who this problem affects, and what is the fallout of this problem. Make sure your message is directed to the real pain to solve. Avoid repeating the detailed problem definition; the audience can drill down in the documentation for the facts behind your statements.

Slide 4: The Solution
As the first slide that formally introduces your projects proposal, this slide should briefly communicate what it is you are proposing to do. You can frame this slide in terms of the solution to the previously mentioned problem or you can introduce it as your plan. Either way, make sure this project introduction is no more than 1-3 sentences long. You’ll have time to specify other details in later slides. At this point of the presentation, your audience curiosity starts to peak, and you need to build your persuasive speech.
Slide 5: Goals and Benefits
For this slide, you want to briefly list the main goals for what you want to achieve with your project, as well as the top benefits your project will generate for the organization. While there may be a much larger list of these two components in your project proposal document, you’ll want to present the most important/relevant here. Try to group goals and benefits into categories. Remember that what you put on your PowerPoint slides is only the tip of the iceberg when it comes to your presentation. You can and should give more details in the spoken part of your proposal presentation.

Slide 6: Deliverables and Success Criteria
Without going into too much detail, list deliverables, due dates, and criteria for acceptance for your main deliverables.
Slide 7: Project Management Strategy
State the project management strategy you’re planning to use to manage the project. You can’t assume everyone in your audience will understand what each project management strategy entails, so you should also provide a brief description of your choice. These templates detailing the Scrum , Kanban , and Waterfall methodologies can give you ideas of how to summarize your chosen methodology.
Slide 8: Budget
The budget slide remains pretty simple. Report both the total budget you anticipate for the project as well as a general breakdown of the budget into the main categories. Providing the percentage of each category of the budget is helpful for stakeholders to conceptualize it. In the Project Proposal Presentation template we have included a project budget slide (in slide #9) with a data table that can be used to present the Budget information.
Slide 9: Project Requirements
Other than budget, what’s needed in order to complete your project? Will you need human resources, specific software, equipment, or a special location in order to execute your project? Add a simplified list here of the main requirements.
Slide 10: Project Proposal Timeline
You will not be able to present the entire project timeline in a simple project proposal presentation. However, you should present an overview of the timeline, including major phases and deliverables. Instead of presenting a simple chart with deliverables and dates, we recommend placing your timeline of deliverables and phases in an actual calendar. This puts your timeline in a visual context of quarters, months, or weeks, allowing audience members to have a clearer concept of how long this project will take.
Slide 11: Conclusion
Close your project proposal with a very short summary of the project, similar to what you wrote previously when introducing your solution. The point of this is to remind your audience of the overarching reason for this presentation, especially after going over potentially less-than-inspiring details like budget and requirements.
Slide 12: Thank You Slide
Don’t forget to thank your audience for listening to your project proposal. Add your contact information in case this project proposal is sent over email and reviewed individually.
Final Words
In this article we had reviewed the definition of project proposal, its main structure and a guide on how to present it to your stakeholders. For further reading about presentations skills , here is a guide to improving your public speaking skills that will help you present your project proposal even more effectively. Hope you had enjoyed the reading.

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Project Execution, Project Management, Project Planning Filed under Business
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How to Write a Research Proposal

Once you’re in college and really getting into academic writing , you may not recognize all the kinds of assignments you’re asked to complete. You know what an essay is, and you know how to respond to readings—but when you hear your professor mention a research proposal or a literature review, your mind might do a double take.
Don’t worry; we’ve got you. Boiled down to its core, a research proposal is simply a short piece of writing that details exactly what you’ll be covering in a larger research project. You’ll likely be required to write one for your thesis , and if you choose to continue in academia after earning your bachelor’s degree, you’ll be writing research proposals for your master’s thesis, your dissertation, and all other research you conduct. By then, you’ll be a research proposal pro. But for now, we’ll answer all your questions and help you confidently write your first one.
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What is the goal of a research proposal?
In a research proposal, the goal is to present the author’s plan for the research they intend to conduct. In some cases, part of this goal is to secure funding for said research. In others, it’s to have the research approved by the author’s supervisor or department so they can move forward with it. In some cases, a research proposal is a required part of a graduate school application. In every one of these circumstances, research proposals follow the same structure.
In a research proposal, the author demonstrates how and why their research is relevant to their field. They demonstrate that the work is necessary to the following:
- Filling a gap in the existing body of research on their subject
- Underscoring existing research on their subject, and/or
- Adding new, original knowledge to the academic community’s existing understanding of their subject
A research proposal also demonstrates that the author is capable of conducting this research and contributing to the current state of their field in a meaningful way. To do this, your research proposal needs to discuss your academic background and credentials as well as demonstrate that your proposed ideas have academic merit.
But demonstrating your research’s validity and your personal capability to carry it out isn’t enough to get your research proposal approved. Your research proposal also has to cover these things:
- The research methodology you plan to use
- The tools and procedures you will use to collect, analyze, and interpret the data you collect
- An explanation of how your research fits the budget and other constraints that come with conducting it through your institution, department, or academic program
If you’ve already read our post on literature reviews , you may be thinking that a research proposal sounds pretty similar. They’re more than just similar, though—a literature review is part of a research proposal. It’s the section that covers which sources you’re using, how you’re using them, and why they’re relevant. Think of a literature review as a mini-research proposal that fits into your larger, main proposal.
How long should a research proposal be?
Generally, research proposals for bachelor’s and master’s theses are a few pages long. Research proposals for meatier projects, like Ph.D. dissertations and funding requests, are often longer and far more detailed. A research proposal’s goal is to clearly outline exactly what your research will entail and accomplish, so including the proposal’s word count or page count isn’t nearly as important as it is to ensure that all the necessary elements and content are present.
Research proposal structure
A research proposal follows a fairly straightforward structure. In order to achieve the goals described in the previous section, nearly all research proposals include the following sections:
Introduction
Your introduction achieves a few goals:
- Introduces your topic
- States your problem statement and the questions your research aims to answer
- Provides context for your research
In a research proposal, an introduction can be a few paragraphs long. It should be concise, but don’t feel like you need to cram all of your information into one paragraph.
In some cases, you need to include an abstract and/or a table of contents in your research proposal. These are included just before the introduction.
Background significance
This is where you explain why your research is necessary and how it relates to established research in your field. Your work might complement existing research, strengthen it, or even challenge it—no matter how your work will “play with” other researchers’ work, you need to express it in detail in your research proposal.
This is also the section where you clearly define the existing problems your research will address. By doing this, you’re explaining why your work is necessary—in other words, this is where you answer the reader’s “so what?”
In your background significance section, you’ll also outline how you’ll conduct your research. If necessary, note which related questions and issues you won’t be covering in your research.
Literature review
In your literature review , you introduce all the sources you plan to use in your research. This includes landmark studies and their data, books, and scholarly articles. A literature review isn’t merely a list of sources (that’s what your bibliography is for); a literature review delves into the collection of sources you chose and explains how you’re using them in your research.
Research design, methods, and schedule
Following your research review, you’ll discuss your research plans. In this section, make sure you cover these aspects:
- The type of research you will do. Are you conducting qualitative or quantitative research? Are you collecting original data or working with data collected by other researchers?
- Whether you’re doing experimental, correlational, or descriptive research
- The data you’re working with. For example, if you’re conducting research in the social sciences, you’ll need to describe the population you’re studying. You’ll also need to cover how you’ll select your subjects and how you’ll collect data from them.
- The tools you’ll use to collect data. Will you be running experiments? Conducting surveys? Observing phenomena? Note all data collection methods here along with why they’re effective methods for your specific research.
Beyond a comprehensive look at your research itself, you’ll also need to include:
- Your research timeline
- Your research budget
- Any potential obstacles you foresee and your plan for handling them
Suppositions and implications
Although you can’t know your research’s results until you’ve actually done the work, you should be going into the project with a clear idea of how your work will contribute to your field. This section is perhaps the most critical to your research proposal’s argument because it expresses exactly why your research is necessary.
In this section, make sure you cover the following:
- Any ways your work can challenge existing theories and assumptions in your field
- How your work will create the foundation for future research
- The practical value your findings will provide to practitioners, educators, and other academics in your field
- The problems your work can potentially help to fix
- Policies that could be impacted by your findings
- How your findings can be implemented in academia or other settings and how this will improve or otherwise transform these settings
In other words, this section isn’t about stating the specific results you expect. Rather, it’s where you state how your findings will be valuable.
This is where you wrap it all up. Your conclusion section, just like your conclusion paragraph for an essay , briefly summarizes your research proposal and reinforces your research’s stated purpose.
Bibliography
Yes, you need to write a bibliography in addition to your literature review. Unlike your literature review, where you explained the relevance of the sources you chose and in some cases, challenged them, your bibliography simply lists your sources and their authors.
The way you write a citation depends on the style guide you’re using. The three most common style guides for academics are MLA , APA , and Chicago , and each has its own particular rules and requirements. Keep in mind that each formatting style has specific guidelines for citing just about any kind of source, including photos , websites , speeches , and YouTube videos .
Sometimes, a full bibliography is not needed. When this is the case, you can include a references list, which is simply a scaled-down list of all the sources you cited in your work. If you’re not sure which to write, ask your supervisor.
Here’s a tip: Grammarly’s Citation Generator ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism. Try it for citing journal articles in MLA , APA , and Chicago styles.
How to write a research proposal
Research proposals, like all other kinds of academic writing, are written in a formal, objective tone. Keep in mind that being concise is a key component of academic writing; formal does not mean flowery.
Adhere to the structure outlined above. Your reader knows how a research proposal is supposed to read and expects it to fit this template. It’s crucial that you present your research proposal in a clear, logical way. Every question the reader has while reading your proposal should be answered by the final section.
Editing and proofreading a research proposal
When you’re writing a research proposal, follow the same six-step writing process you follow with every other kind of writing you do.
After you’ve got a first draft written, take some time to let it “cool off” before you start proofreading . By doing this, you’re making it easier for yourself to catch mistakes and gaps in your writing.
Common mistakes to avoid when writing a research proposal
When you’re writing a research proposal, avoid these common pitfalls:
Being too wordy
As we said earlier, formal does not mean flowery. In fact, you should aim to keep your writing as brief and to-the-point as possible. The more economically you can express your purpose and goal, the better.
Failing to cite relevant sources
When you’re conducting research, you’re adding to the existing body of knowledge on the subject you’re covering. Your research proposal should reference one or more of the landmark research pieces in your field and connect your work to these works in some way. This doesn’t just communicate your work’s relevance—it also demonstrates your familiarity with the field.
Focusing too much on minor issues
There are probably a lot of great reasons why your research is necessary. These reasons don’t all need to be in your research proposal. In fact, including too many questions and issues in your research proposal can detract from your central purpose, weakening the proposal. Save the minor issues for your research paper itself and cover only the major, key issues you aim to tackle in your proposal.
Failing to make a strong argument for your research
This is perhaps the easiest way to undermine your proposal because it’s far more subjective than the others. A research proposal is, in essence, a piece of persuasive writing . That means that although you’re presenting your proposal in an objective, academic way, the goal is to get the reader to say “yes” to your work.
This is true in every case, whether your reader is your supervisor, your department head, a graduate school admissions board, a private or government-backed funding provider, or the editor at a journal in which you’d like to publish your work.
Polish your writing into a stellar proposal
When you’re asking for approval to conduct research—especially when there’s funding involved—you need to be nothing less than 100 percent confident in your proposal. If your research proposal has spelling or grammatical mistakes, an inconsistent or inappropriate tone, or even just awkward phrasing, those will undermine your credibility.
Make sure your research proposal shines by using Grammarly to catch all of those issues. Even if you think you caught all of them while you were editing, it’s critical to double-check your work. Your research deserves the best proposal possible, and Grammarly can help you make that happen.


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Research project proposal powerpoint presentation slides
Having a tough time scoring sponsors for your research project? It is highly likely that a lack of a professionally-designed dissertation proposal is holding you back. SlideTeam presents the all-new Research Proposal PowerPoint Presentation Slides. Leading industry experts decide the content, design, and the sequence of our research proposal PPT template deck. After collecting and polishing insightful content, it is passed on to the designers. It is then arranged in a visually-gripping manner keeping your audience in mind. There are no universal ingredients to a responsive PowerPoint proposal. SlideTeam developers have come up with this PPT format after years of trials and errors. Our team portfolio includes over a million slides like this research sponsorship proposal. This proficiency is what separates our PowerPoint proposal slides from others in the market. Elucidate the project to your sponsors by highlighting the study backdrop, key research questions, problems, and solutions. Demonstrate the aims and goals of your research project proposal through the cutting-edge graphics of this PPT slideshow. Elaborate on the primary hypothesis statement and the anticipated results. Portray the dissertation methodology you have selected for your research. You may explain key details like bibliography, types of data, data analysis methods, and approaches to data collection. Walk your potential sponsor through the project timeline from reading and research to other tasks and milestones. Elaborate on the various stages involved in the completion of the study through state-of-the-art data visualizations. Employ this PowerPoint theme to showcase a 30-60-90 days plan projection. Communicate the narrative or literature review. Discuss the theoretical and methodological contributions to the topic, strengths, and weaknesses of the study, and more. Widen the perspective by illustrating the research proposal for thesis constraints. Employ our PowerPoint slideshow to gain access to a variety of roadmap diagrams and make your proposal aesthetically-sound. Also, it will help you in the easy expression of sophisticated data. So, hit the download button, make final edits, and build an engaging presentation.

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Content of this Powerpoint Presentation
Slide 1 : This slide introduces Research Project Proposal. Mention Name of Person, Name of University, Name of Department, and Dissertion Title. Slide 2 : This slide displays Cover Letter for Research Project Proposal. Slide 3 : This slide shows Cover Letter for Research Project Proposal. Slide 4 : This slide describes Abstract for Research Project Proposal. Slide 5 : This slide presents Abstract for Research Project Proposal. Slide 6 : This slide shows Table of Content. Slide 7 : This slide showcases Introduction of study for Research Project Proposal. Slide 8 : This slide depicts Problem Statement – Overview for Research Project Proposal Slide 9 : This slide showcases Research Question/Hypothesis for Research Project Proposal. Slide 10 : This slide depicts Research Question/Hypothesis. Slide 11 : This slide depicts Key Assertions / Objectives for Research Project Proposal. Provided a list of goals that will be achieved through the proposed research: Slide 12 : This slide showcases Literature Review for Research Project Proposal. Slide 13 : This slide represents Theoretical & Methodological Contributions. Slide 14 : This slide presents Research Method Overview for Research Project Proposal. Slide 15 : This slide shows Project Sample Size for Research Project Proposal Slide 16 : This slide depicts Method of Data Collection such as- Primary Sources, Secondary Sources. Slide 17 : This slide shows Data Analysis Strategies for Research Project Proposal. Slide 18 : This slide depicts Research Project Timeframe. Slide 19 : This slide showcases Research Project Timeframe for Research Project Proposal Slide 20 : This slide showcases Research Project Timeframe for Research Project Proposal. Slide 21 : This slide showcases Research Constraints for Research Project Proposal. Slide 22 : This slide showcases References/ Bibliography for Research Project Proposal Slide 23 : This is Contact Us slide with Company address, Contact number and website. Slide 24 : This is Icons Slide for Research Project Proposal. Slide 25 : This slide is titled as Additional Slides for moving forward. Slide 26 : This is Our Mission slide with Vision, Mission and for Research Project Proposal Slide 27 : This slide showcases Timeline for Research Project Proposal. Slide 28 : This slide shows Roadmap process. Slide 29 : This slide 2 step Roadmap process. Slide 30 : This slide showcases 3 step Roadmap process. Slide 31 : This slide shows Roadmap process. Slide 32 : This slide showcases 5 step Roadmap process. Slide 33 : This is 30 60 90 Days Plan slide.
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December 28, 2021

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How to Present a Proposal
Last Updated: January 15, 2023 References Approved
This article was co-authored by Michael McCutcheon, PhD . Dr. Michael McCutcheon is a career coach, psychologist, and award-winning public speaker who specializes in procrastination elimination, goal achievement, and increasing life satisfaction. With a background as a counseling psychologist, he guides clients toward becoming more aware of their desires and anxieties to break old patterns, create new habits, and achieve life-changing results. He also helps clients improve organization skills, embark on a new career, get promoted, get admitted into graduate schools, and transition from school to the working world. He is a published author and lecturer in graduate psychology courses at New York University (NYU), a position he has twice won the Teaching Award (2014 & 2019). His work has appeared in the press as a lifestyle and career expert for The Washington Post/The Associated Press, The New York Post, Scholastic, Lifehacker, and The Coca-Cola Company. He has served as a contributing writer for Out Magazine and featured panelist on National Public Radio (NPR). There are 8 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. In this case, several readers have written to tell us that this article was helpful to them, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 49,098 times.
Presenting a business proposal requires more than simply reading a transcript of the proposal text. Gaining the confidence of your audience requires tact, research, and a whole lot of preparation. If done correctly, your presentation can inspire your listeners to adopt your proposal.
Preparing the Proposal

- If possible, talk to someone who has already seen the proposal, and gauge their interest.
- Check recent news stories which indicate the current financial state of the company or individual you're targeting.
- Think about the audience's values, goals, and ideals. Your proposal should address not just their economic needs but their corporate mission, too.

- Your written proposal should not be identical to your oral presentation. Simply reading the proposal word for word will bore your audience. Your oral presentation should use the proposal text as a foundation but should also expand on your main points without lingering on every detail.

- An improper or incomplete proposal submission may jeopardize your chances of not only having your proposal approved but also receiving future RFPs. Use care when crafting your submission.

Making the Pitch

- This is especially important when conducting an RFP presentation.

- Slide shows can help listeners retain information and better understand the main points of your proposal.
- You can use the slide show to supplement or replace your own notes. They can keep you on track and keep your audience engaged.

- Before you begin, try breathing in and out slowly for a while.
- Assume your audience is receptive, not hostile, to your proposal.

- Avoid interjecting filler words like "uh" or "um" into your presentation.

Sealing the Deal

- If you get an off-topic or difficult question, address it honestly, but artfully try to redirect the question back to why your proposal is a good one. [12] X Trustworthy Source Harvard Business Review Online and print journal covering topics related to business management practices Go to source

Expert Q&A Did you know you can get expert answers for this article? Unlock expert answers by supporting wikiHow

Support wikiHow by unlocking this expert answer.
- Don't feel defeated if your proposal is not accepted. Think of it as a learning experience, and try to identify points which could be stronger next time. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
- Pay attention to the details. This applies to both the written proposal and your oral presentation. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0
- Dress professionally for your presentation. First impressions are important. A sloppy appearance could hurt your proposal's chances of success no matter how good your presentation is. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 0 Not Helpful 0

- Do not take beta-blocker drugs in an attempt to relax before your presentation. You run the risk of becoming a little too relaxed and doing or saying something you'll later regret. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
You Might Also Like

- ↑ Michael McCutcheon, PhD. Career Coach & Psychologist. Expert Interview. 14 October 2020.
- ↑ https://www.entrepreneur.com/starting-a-business/7-steps-to-a-winning-business-proposal/299681
- ↑ http://blog.quoteroller.com/business-proposals-how-to-write-guide/
- ↑ http://www.fripp.com/selling-your-way-to-success-how-to-present-your-proposal-at-an-executive-meeting/
- ↑ Paul R. Timm, How to Make Winning Presentations, https://books.google.com/books?id=qqScv8LU9noC&lpg=PP1&dq=winning%20presentations&pg=PT60#v=onepage&q=winning%20presentations&f=false
- ↑ Thomas Leech, How to Prepare, Stage, and Deliver Winning Presentations, https://books.google.com/books?id=GEJn-UPf1cEC&lpg=PP1&dq=winning%20presentations&pg=PA80#v=onepage&q=proposal&f=false
- ↑ https://hbr.org/2010/11/how-to-get-their-approval.html
- ↑ https://hbr.org/2010/11/defend-your-research-people-often-trust-eloquence-more-than-honesty/ar/1
About This Article

To present a business proposal, make sure to speak in a clear, audible voice to command your audience’s attention, and avoid using distracting filler words like “uh” and “um.” Additionally, emphasize the main points rather than reading your proposal word for word, since your audience will have the text before them. You should also use visuals, like PowerPoint slide shows, to help the audience have a better understanding of your main points. Then, end your proposal by reiterating your main points in a simple, straightforward way. For more advice, like how to write your proposal with inspiring, optimistic language, keep reading! Did this summary help you? Yes No
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Research proposal 704 _Quantitative Research Methods in LIS Presentation by Sadaf Batool M.Phil. (scholar) Roll no 14 Contents What is research What is proposal Definition of research proposal Types of research proposal Importance of research proposal Advantages of research proposal Relationship of research proposal with research Component of research proposal 1-title 2-introduction 3-statement of the problem 4-review of related literature 5-Hypothesis 6-purpose /objective of study 7- work plane 8-Method, research design, sample. 9-Refrences common error in research proposal Evaluation of research proposal What is research? The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. What is proposal? A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration by others. A research proposal “is a document that outlines how you propose to undertake your research studies” (Mouton 2001:p.44). Definition of research proposal A research proposal is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of the proposed program, It is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project. Importance of research proposal Helps examine what the researcher intends to do. Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project. Research proposals can be effective starting places to discuss projects with your professors, too. The research proposal is able to give an overview of the research project so that other people understand the scope of the research, the significance of the research, as well as your proposed methodology and chosen research method. Advantages of research proposal Fund to support your research Allow you to review and critically evaluate your current research program Convince yourself and others that your research is worth supporting Keep you focused on your research program Develop novel ideas during writing proposal. Relationship of research proposal with research Research proposal is a plan, and research is action. Research proposal is compulsory for approving proposed research. Research proposal is a schedule and research is activity. Research proposal is a mirror of research Research proposal is a blue print of research. Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project. Types of research proposal There are two major types of research proposal; Academic: • An academic proposal is the first step in producing a thesis or major project. Its intent is to convince a supervisor or academic committee that your topic and approach are sound, Non-academ
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- 1. 704 _Quantitative Research Methods in LIS Presentation by Sadaf Batool M.Phil. (scholar ) Roll no 14
- 2. contents What is research What is proposal Definition of research proposal Types of research proposal Importance of research proposal Advantages of research proposal Relationship of research proposal with research
- 3. contents Component of research proposal 1-title 2-introduction 3-statement of the problem 4-review of related literature 5-Hypothesis 6-purpose /objective of study 7- work plane 8-Method,research design ,sample. 9-Refrences common error in research proposal Evaluation of research proposal
- 4. What is research? The systematic investigation into and study of materials and sources in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions.
- 5. What is proposal ? A plan or suggestion, especially a formal or written one, put forward for consideration by others. A research proposal “is a document that outlines how you propose to undertake your research studies” (Mouton 2001:p.44).
- 6. Definition of research proposal A research proposal is a document written by a researcher that provides a detailed description of the proposed program, it is like an outline of the entire research process that gives a reader a summary of the information discussed in a project.
- 7. Importance of research proposal Helps examine what the researcher intends t o do. Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project. Research proposals can be effective starting places to discuss projects with your professors, too. The research proposal is able to give an overview of the research project so that other people understand the scope of the research, the significance of the research, as well as your proposed methodology and chosen research method.
- 8. Advantages of research proposal Fund to support your research Allow you to review and critically evaluate your current research program Convince yourself and others that your research is worth supporting Keep you focused on your research program Develop novel ideas during writing proposal
- 9. Relationship of research proposal with research Research proposal is a plan ,and research is action. Research proposal is compulsory for approving proposed research. Research proposal is a schedule and research is activity. Research proposal is a mirror of research Research proposal is a blue print of research. Research proposal can serve as a document of contract for the project.
- 10. Types of research proposal There are two major types of research proposal; Internal research proposal Academic research proposal Non-academic research proposal External research proposal Solicited research proposal Unsolicited research proposal
- 11. Internal research proposal Academic : • An academic proposal is the first step in producing a thesis or major project. Its intent is to convince a supervisor or academic committee that your topic and approach are sound, Non-academic: This one is not for degree requirement that is submitted by a university or a college teacher to some research organization.
- 12. External research proposal Solicited: Solicited proposals are those that are written and submitted in response to the issuance of a "Request for Proposals" (RFP), a document that identifies a specific research problem of interest to the funding agency for which they are specifically seeking a solution. Interested investigator then submits a “concept” or "white paper" briefly outlining their proposed solution to the problem. If the funding agency or company is interested, they may then request that the investigator submit a full proposal for consideration of funding.
- 13. External research proposal Unsolicited : Unsolicited proposals are those proposals that are submitted by an investigator in response to a "general call" for proposals that is issued by a funding agency or company in a field or area of study.
- 14. Component of research proposal Title Precise and accurate Unambiguous Avoid extremely long titles
- 15. Component of research proposal Introduction Orient the readers towards the topic. Explain the importance and relevance of the topic Justifies the choice of the topic. Research question/hypothesis .
- 16. Component of research proposal Statement of the problem “The problem statement describes the context for the study and it also identifies the general analysis approach”(Wiersma, 1995, p.404) Should indicate why the researcher needs to be done and what will be its relevance. Conveys information about a research problem.
- 17. Component of research proposal Literature review It shares with the reader the results of other studies that are closely related to the study being reported( Fraenkel &Wallen, 1990) It prevents the duplication of work that has been done before. Theoretical framework A summary.
- 18. Component of research proposal Hypotheses Build the case to support the hypothesis with literature and data---no reinventing the wheel Seeing is believing: Use schematic figures or diagrams to help reviewers understand your model and idea State your hypothesis clearly in the abstract and specific aims; alternative hypothesis in case
- 19. Component of research proposal Objective of study The general objective of a study states what researcher expect to achieve by the study in general terms. What to achieve.?
- 20. Component of research proposal Work Plan Include the major phases of the project: estimate when you will start each stage of the work, and how long it will take. Sequencing, flow and timeline of the study.
- 21. Component of research proposal Methodology Subjective Interviews Questionnaires Discussions Surveys Objective Experimental Use of measuring devices Use of recording devices.
- 22. Component of research proposal RESEARCH DESIGN Descriptive case study Mixed Method Quantitative Method Design Qualitative Method Design
- 23. Component of research proposal POPULATION AND SAMPLING Indicate your sampling techniques , e.g.: Quantitative Cluster Random Sampling Size of sample Population Experimental and control groups Prevention of bias, etc.
- 24. Component of research proposal References List all references cited in the proposal. Make sure these references are:– Up-to-date Relevant Original source
- 25. The common error in proposal writing Too much detail on minor issues, but not enough detail on major issues Too many citation lapses and incorrect references Sloppy writing Failure to state all of the basic assumptions that are relevant to the study. Concerns irrelevant assumptions. Selecting unsubstantiated assumptions which cannot be defended by any logic, empirical evidence.
- 26. Evaluation of research proposal 1.Problem identification: Is the problem/line of enquiry clearly defined? Is the basic research problem well formulated, or is it poorly and vaguely structured? Is it briefly and concisely stated?
- 27. Evaluation of research proposal 2.Background to the research problem Has there been an adequate description of the background to the problem either under a separate heading or as part of the literature? 3.Literature review Is there clear evidence of a thorough review of the literature? Is there a theoretical engagement with the relevant literature?
- 28. Evaluation of research proposal 4.Conceptual framework Has a suitable hypothesis (or hypotheses) been formulated, or has a suitable research question (or research questions) been stated? 5.Objectives Have the objectives been stated clearly? 6.Research design Is the project and research design well structured and outlined, or is it poorly articulated? Has the research methodology been articulated clearly?
- 29. Evaluation of research proposal 7.Significance Why is it important to undertake this research? Whom will it benefit or to whom will it be important? Has the expected outcome (or outcomes) of the research been clearly identified? 8.Feasibility Is the problem researchable and is it feasible? Do the preliminary data and available resources support its feasibility? Does the candidate’s academic profile or potential support his/her ability to accomplish the project?
- 30. Evaluation of research proposal 9.Other general comments Is the proposal well structured or poorly compiled? If the latter, what should be done to make it a well-structured proposal? 10. Language Has the research proposal been proofread and edited?
- 31. References Turney,B., George, Robb(1971).Research in education: An introduction. Wiersma, William,(1975).Research methods in education. Koul,Lokesh,(1997).Methodology of educational research Best,Jone W.(2006).Research in education. Marshall,Catherine,GretchB.Bossman.(1989).Designin g Qualitative research.
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Research Project Proposal

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A research proposal describes what you will investigate, why it’s important, and how you will conduct your research. The format of a research proposal varies between fields, but most proposals will contain at least these elements: Title page Introduction Literature review Research design Reference list
The main purpose of a scientific research proposal is to convince your audience that your project is worthwhile, and that you have the expertise and wherewithal to complete it. The elements of an effective research proposal mirror those of the research process itself, which we’ll outline below.
Research Proposal Format Example Following is a general outline of the material that should be included in your project proposal. I. Title Page II. Introduction and Literature Review (Chapters 2 and 3) A. Identification of specific problem area (e.g., what is it, why it is important). B. Prevalence, scope of problem. C.
A project proposal is a document that details a new project idea. Its main objective is to communicate the idea, and what is needed to make it happen. In its most basic form, it contains a title, initial and end dates, objectives, goals and the overall main achievement pursued at completion of the project.
A research proposal’s goal is to clearly outline exactly what your research will entail and accomplish, so including the proposal’s word count or page count isn’t nearly as important as it is to ensure that all the necessary elements and content are present. Research proposal structure A research proposal follows a fairly straightforward structure.
Slide 1: This slide introduces Research Project Proposal. Mention Name of Person, Name of University, Name of Department, and Dissertion Title. Slide 2: This slide displays Cover Letter for Research Project Proposal. Slide 3: This slide shows Cover Letter for Research Project Proposal.
Simply reading the proposal word for word will bore your audience. Your oral presentation should use the proposal text as a foundation but should also expand on your main points without lingering on every detail. 5 Use a checklist. Pay close attention to all requirements on the proposal-development (RFP) checklist.
The research proposal is able to give an overview of the research project so that other people understand the scope of the research, the significance of the research, as well as your proposed methodology and chosen research method. Advantages of research proposal Fund to support your research
How to download the Research Project Proposal template for Powerpoint. 1. On this same page, scroll down to the download block until you see the buttons. 2. Click on the button below the presentation features that says 'Download Research Project Proposal as a Free PowerPoint template'. 3.